To actually apply this it helps to go to something called the normal approximation to the binomial, because it's kind of difficult to compute this formula.

在实际应用这些公式的时候,需要运用二项分布的正态近似定理,因为二项分布公式的值很难计算

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

What we've learned so far is as a first approximation, what we want to do is put the atom with the lowest ionization energy in the middle here.

我们之前所学的可以作为第一近似，我们要做的是把电离能,最低的原子放在中间。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, what we say here is we need to take a step back here and come up with an approximation that's going to allow us to think about using the Schrodinger equation when we're not just talking about hydrogen or one electron, but when we have these multi-electron atoms.

所有我们这里要说的是,我们需要退回一步,做一个近似,那样可以使我们用,薛定谔方程来考虑,让我们不是仅仅在讨论氢原子或者,一个电子的时候，而是多个电子的原子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

It's always a good first approximation, because you need to start somewhere in terms of drawing Lewis structures, but then if you go and figure out the formal charge and you just have lots of charge separation or very high charges, like a plus 2 and a minus 2 and a minus 1 all different places in the atom, what it should tell you is maybe there's a better structure.

它总是一个好的第一近似，因为在画路易斯结构的时候,你总需要一个起点，但是如果你在算出形式电荷之后,发现有很多电荷分开了,或者说有很高的电荷，比如有一个正二，一个负二，还有一个负一1,在原子的各个地方，这应该就是在告诉你,或许还有一个更好的路易斯结构。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选