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The atmosphere is about twenty-percent oxygen and eighty percent nitrogen from Earth's surface to where space begins at one-hundred-twenty kilometers up.
VOA: special.2011.04.06
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So in terms of the first step of skeletal structure, this is actually going to be easier because we don't have a central atom, we just have carbon and nitrogen here.
对于第一步画出骨架，其实比刚才更容易,因为我们没有一个中心原子，我们这里只有碳和氮两个原子。
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For example, we can talk about nitrogen, and nitrogen has five valence electrons shown here.
例如，我们可以讨论氮原子，氮原子有5个价电子。
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But he says many parts of the world use too much nitrogen fertilizer, and that harms the environment.
VOA: special.2011.04.05
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Let's just take hydrogen and nitrogen in the gas phase and form ammonia.
我们利用氢气和氮气,合成氨。
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But the Chinese farmers used six times more nitrogen, and produced almost twenty-three times more surplus nitrogen.
VOA: special.2009.07.28
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If we take nitrogen, we've got N2, and we've got one, two, three, four, five.
比如说氮，我们得到了氮气，我们有一个，两个，三个，四个，五个。
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The list is quite long." So Professor Galloway and other researchers have developed a nitrogen footprint calculator.
VOA: special.2011.04.05
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However, for carbon and nitrogen we need 8 each.
但是，对于碳和氮，我们都需要八个电子。
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There was a new system of liquid nitrogen to keep the pilot cool and to resist the crushing force of gravity at high speeds.
VOA: special.2010.07.07
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What about between the carbon and nitrogen?
那么碳和氮之间呢？
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The nitrogen calculator is currently designed for people in the United States, Germany and the Netherlands.
VOA: special.2011.04.05
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I mean, if the energy is lower to occupy a smaller volume, then if I have this room and a bunch of molecules of oxygen, and nitrogen and what have you in the air, and there are weak attractions between them, why don't they all just sort of glum together and find whatever volume they like.
我的意思是，如果占据小的体积会使能量降低，如果我有这样一个空间,和一些氧气，氮气和其他空气中有的气体，并且分子之间还有微弱的相互作用，为什么他们不黏在一起,然后占据他们所想要占据的体积。
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Other plants take nitrogen out of the soil, but beans and other legumes replace it.
VOA: special.2009.03.24
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So, shared electrons are the ones that are shared between the carbon and the nitrogen, so we have 6 shared electrons, and we want to take 1/2 of that.
共用电子是那些在碳和氮之间,被它们共用的电子，那么我们有六个共用电子，然后我们要给它乘上二分之一。
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They take nitrogen out of the air and put it in the soil.
VOA: special.2009.09.01
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And we can do the same thing with, well, we're going to do it with nitrogen in a minute, but this is a case where we have two atoms sharing electrons.
然后同样的，我们也可以很快的对氮气进行类似的处理，但是这是共用电子,的双原子例子。
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And as it breaks down, it naturally releases nitrogen into the soil.
VOA: special.2010.06.01
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So, in order to fill our octet, what we do is put two on the nitrogen and two on the carbon.
因此，为了填满我们的“八隅体“,我们需要将两个放到氮上，将另外两个放到碳上。
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Nitrogen and phosphorus can produce big crops.
VOA: special.2009.07.28
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So in terms of nitrogen that starts off with a valence number of 5, again we have 2 lone pair electrons in the nitrogen, and again, we have 6 electrons that are shared.
对于氮来说,我们应该从五个价电子开始，同样，氮也有两个孤对电子，共用电子的个数也一样，是六个。
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It uses average yearly data in its computations, and focuses on only two major pollutants - nitrogen and phosphorous.
VOA: standard.2010.08.04
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This is very easy molecule because we know exactly where to put them without even having to think, we only have one option, and we'll make a triple bond between the carbon and the nitrogen.
这个分子非常简单,因为我们知道应该把它们放在哪里,甚至不用去想，我们只有一个选择，我们将在碳与氮之间形成一个三键。
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"If you have an imbalance, or literally too much nitrogen and too much phosphorous getting into those systems, you can essentially deplete the oxygen in that water.
VOA: standard.2010.08.04
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090 We have 1,090 for carbon, 1000 1,000 for sulfur, 1400 and 1,400 for nitrogen.
碳的是，硫的是，而氮的是。
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So we can put actually all 4 of our extra electrons in between the carbon and the nitrogen.
因此我们可以把这剩下的,四个电子都放在碳和氮之间。
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Here is the atomic nitrogen, here is the atomic nitrogen and these are the orbitals of molecular nitrogen.
这是氮原子，这是氮原子,然后这是氮气的分子轨道。
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Well, if you get the combustion chamber hot enough, in point of fact, there are some reactions between nitrogen and the oxygen.
如果燃烧室的温度足够高的话，实际上在氮气和氧气之间,会发生一些反应。
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So, for instance, this would suggest to us by the way it's written that the hydrogen is attached to the nitrogen and not the oxygen.
因此，比如，这样的写法会提醒我们,这个氢原子是与氮原子成键的，而不是氧。
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So, if we took the case of nitrogen, if we add an electron to nitrogen and go to n minus, we find that the change in energy is 7 kilojoules per mole.
如果我们以氮为例，如果我们给氮增加个电子令它变成-1价的氮，我们会发现能量的变化是，7，千焦每摩尔。
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