And this spin is an intrinsic quality of the electron, it's a property that is intrinsic in all particles, just like we would say mass is intrinsic or charge is intrinsic.

自旋是电子的本征量，它是所有粒子的本征性质，就像我们说质量是本征的或者电荷是本征的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So even if we strip an atom of all of its electrons, we still have that same amount of positive charge in the nucleus.

所以即使把一个原子的所有电子都拿走,原子核还是带那么多的正电。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

This was my first glance at plum pudding, and I guess you can see that this must be that positive part -- most of the plums are within that, and you can see all these little raisins or plums in here, that would be that negative charge.

我想你们可以，看到着一定是正电部分,大部分的李子,都在这里面，你们也可以看到,这些小的葡萄干或李子，这就是负电荷。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选