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If the atom is fixed mass, the electron is tiny, It must be the positives have all the mass.
如果是原子质量一定，电子很小，带正电荷的部分几乎占据了全部质量。
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All right. So, let's pick up where we left off, first of all we're still on the hydrogen atom from Monday.
好，让我们从上次停下的地方讲起，我们还要讲周一讲的氢原子。
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These are all one electron atoms, and they are gas, a single atom.
这些都是单电子原子，它们都是气体，都是单原子。
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Now, according to quantum mechanics under the standard interpretation, that's all there is to say about it. You have an atom like that, 80 percent chance in the next 24 hours it will break down.
按照量子力学的正统理论,也就是说,在未来二十四小时内,这个原子有百分之八十的概率会分裂
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Whereas in molecular orbital theory, what I'm telling you is instead we understand that the electrons are spread all over the molecule, they're not just associated with a single atom or a single bond.
而在分子轨道理论里，我要告诉你们的时,我们任为电子分布在整个分子中,它们不仅仅是和,一个原子或者一个键有关。
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And what we've been talking about with all of these properties are, of course, how can we figure out what that is for a certain atom by looking at the periodic table, so we want to think about the periodic trend for atomic radius.
对于我们讲过的这些性质，我们所讨论的一直都是,当然是，我们如何能够判断某一个原子的这些性质,通过观察周期表，因此我们需要思考一下原子半径的周期性规律。
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So even if we strip an atom of all of its electrons, we still have that same amount of positive charge in the nucleus.
所以即使把一个原子的所有电子都拿走,原子核还是带那么多的正电。
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All right. So today we're going to finish up our discussion of the hydrogen atom.
好，今天我们要结束,关于氢原子问题的讨论。
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All right, so the type of bond energies that we can go and look up in tables are individual atom bonds, H-H, F-F, and the like.
好的，键能的类型,我们能够在表中查到,都是独立的原子键，H-H，F-F以及类似的。
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PROFESSOR: All right, start again, what's the hybridization of the carbon atom?
好了，再说一遍，碳原子的杂化轨道是什么？
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So all that Bohr, for example, had to go on at this point was a more classical picture of the atom, as you can see on the left side of the screen there, which is the idea that the electrons orbiting the nucleus.
原子的经典图像，你们可以,看到屏幕左边，这是电子，绕着核子旋转，的概念,他已经知道。
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And we can look at precisely why that is by looking at the equations for the energy levels for a hydrogen atom versus the multi-electron atom. So, for a hydrogen atom, and actually for any one electron atom at all, this is our energy or our binding energy.
而且我们可以精确地看看,为什么是这样的,通过看对于氢原子和,多电子原子能级的方程所以对于氢原子，事实上对于任何一个电子，这是我们的能量或者我们的结合能。
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It's always a good first approximation, because you need to start somewhere in terms of drawing Lewis structures, but then if you go and figure out the formal charge and you just have lots of charge separation or very high charges, like a plus 2 and a minus 2 and a minus 1 all different places in the atom, what it should tell you is maybe there's a better structure.
它总是一个好的第一近似，因为在画路易斯结构的时候,你总需要一个起点，但是如果你在算出形式电荷之后,发现有很多电荷分开了,或者说有很高的电荷，比如有一个正二，一个负二，还有一个负一1,在原子的各个地方，这应该就是在告诉你,或许还有一个更好的路易斯结构。
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But there's something you'll note here also when I point out the case of the 2 s versus the 2 p, which is what I mentioned that I would be saying again and again, which is when we look at the hydrogen atom, the energy of all of the n equals 2 orbitals are exactly the same.
但是这里有一些事情你们也会注意到,当我指出2s和2p的情况，我之前提过,我会一次又一次的说，我们在观察氢原子的时候，2层轨道的所有n的能量,是完全相同的。
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