All of the sounds are produced by the strings on the instrument and how the bow is pulled across the instrument.

所有声音都是靠乐器上的弦产生的,琴弓在乐器上来回滑动发声

耶鲁公开课 - 聆听音乐课程节选

In the meantime, Trotsky's book is a shot fired across the bow of those forms of "aestheticism"--quote, unquote -which can be understood as self-involved, self-preoccupied, and indifferent to history and class struggle.

同时，托洛斯基的攻击唯美主义,他这样评价，它,唯美主义可以被理解为一种纯粹的自我欣赏，漠视历史和阶级斗争。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

So that's a shot fired across the bow against the author because it's Barthes' supposition that the author isn't maybe even quite an author function because that function may be hard to identify in a discrete way among myriad other functions.

因而这是对作者的警告,因为巴特推测,作者可能甚至都不是功能性的,因为这种功能可能很难通过分离的方式,在很多其他功能中被辨认出来。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选