According to this view, man is not merely the measure of all things as the Greek Sophist Protagoras had radically proclaimed in the fifth century.

根据这种观点,人不仅仅是衡量一切事物的标准,这是古希腊诡辩学家普罗塔哥拉,在公元五世纪提出的

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

This would roughly be a view according to which there are minds, but there aren't really physical objects.

这个观点估计是从人只有心灵,而不是物理对象的观点出发的

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When I use the word "Soul," I'm going to have in mind this dualist view according to which the soul is something immaterial, nonphysical.

当我用"灵魂"这个词时,我会采用二元论思路,因为他们认为,灵魂是非物质,非物理的

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

That approach pretty clearly isn't going to work for souls, because a soul--and again, we've got in mind this metaphysical view, according to which it's something immaterial-- isn't something we see.

但这种方法显然不能用来证明灵魂的存在,因为灵魂,我再一次说明,从这种形而上学的角度来看,灵魂是非物质实体,我们看不到它

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选