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"Malawi is a landlocked state, it is one of the ones that we tend to worry most about, and yet it has demonstrated that when you focus attention on a problem you can make progress."
VOA: special.2010.04.26
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And I said about that problem: Is it autobiography?
这还有几个问题，要思考：,这是否是自传？
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you can talk to them about problem sets or questions that you've been having about class work.
然后你就可以和他们讨论你在学习中遇到的问题了。
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U.S.Congress have accused BP of taking shortcuts that raised the risk of disaster and of being dishonest about the scale of the problem.
VOA: standard.2010.06.18
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And in particular, if I think about that problem - actually I want to do this- if I think about that problem, I'm going to write a little piece of pseudo code.
关于这个问题尤其要注意的是,实际上当我考虑这个-,问题的时候我想这么做，我会去写一点伪代码。
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Everyone understands that it is a national problem and something has to be done about that,".
VOA: standard.2009.10.15
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Another way into this problem: let's look at the comments that Dr. Johnson made about Milton's Lycidas in the eighteenth century.
看这个问题的另一个角度：让我们看看,约翰逊博士在18世纪队弥尔顿的《利西达斯》所做的评论。
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"This is about every family, every business and every taxpayer who continues to shoulder the burden of a problem that Washington has failed to solve for decades.
VOA: standard.2009.07.23
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Well, I talked about the problem of using plasmids in gene therapy, that it's very difficult to get them into cells.
我们之前讨论过,基因治疗中运用质粒的问题,质粒本身极难进入细胞
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The other quick thing I want to say is that I do have office hours today from 3 to 5, so feel free to stop by if you have questions about problem-set 3 that you're finishing up.
我还想说一件小事,我今天的答疑时间是三点到五点，如果你对于第三次作业还有任何疑问,请在这个时间段来找我，不必客气。
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It does create moral hazard problems-- that's a problem with it, but that's something that we're learning about.
这会引发道德风险问题-,这是弊端所在，但这也正是我们要学习研究的。
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That's the problem we've been thinking about for the last minute.
那是我们刚才在思考的问题
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Think about that for a moment. That's a problem, isn't it?
仔细想想,这是一个难题,不是吗
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speak problem but don't worry about that.
说吧，什么问题,但是别担心。
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But there was an increase in discretionary spending And that's the problem, no question about that. -No The republicans sidled up to the troff... and it behaved like porkers Is that roughly what happened? -Yes.
话说回来，当时自由支出确实增长不少,这才是症结所在，这一点毫无疑问，-对吧,共和党一步一步放宽了尺度。,结果导致负债累累,大致原委是这样吧？，-没错。
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The third group that was given the candies and put in a positive playful mood outperformed the other two groups significantly-- they thought about more options and they actually came up with better solutions with that problem.
第三组得到糖果,并获得积极愉快的心情,明显比另外两组有更好表现-,他们考虑更多选择,得出更好的问题解决办法。
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It's kind of unsettling because we like to know what things are, but at the same time it's not really a big problem because as long as we know about the fact that a certain notion of literature exists in certain communities we can begin to do very interesting work precisely with that idea.
可能会有点让人不安，因为我们总想知道事物的定义，但知不知道,实际上问题不大,只要我们知道在特定群体中对文学有特定的认识,我们就能在这种认识上做文章。
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You've got to spend the time to make sure that everything is well defined before you start trying to work out these problem More about the path. There are a couple ways you could go through that pass If I look at this smooth path here.
你要花时间确认,在你开始尝试解题前,切已经被很好地定义,关于路径还有些问题,你可以用两种不同的方式经过这条路径,看这条平滑的路径。
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But yeah we're all excited to have you here and we have all sorts of things planned outside of problem sets and we have the Fair and everything that David has been talking about so we're really excited to start so.
我很高兴大家能来到这儿,除了习题集外我们还会遇到各种各样的问题,还有刚才David说过的,研讨会和其他东西,这门课开始了，我们真的觉得很高兴。
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We'll talk more about this later, but it often happens that when you change your program to solve one problem you break it, and things that used to work don't work.
我们以后会更多的去讨论者一点，但是经常发生的情况是当你因为,一个问题修改你的程序的时候,你修改了程序,但原来没问题的模块。
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So when you're trying to think about is this a problem that I can solve with dynamic programming, these are the two questions you ask.
所以当你想知道能否,用动态编程来解决这个问题时,你可以问自己两个问题。
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That's one challenge and we'll talk about ways to think about engineering approaches to solve that problem.
该问题一直很具挑战性,我们会讲到,如何用生物医学工程的方法来解决它
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That's what we have to think about and it's a long-term problem.
这是我们要考虑的问题,这是个长期问题。
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But since we are only looking at enough of the problem of identity to get to the question that we really want to think about, the nature of personal identity across time, I'm not going to pursue that.
但由于我们只是,通过质的问题,来讨论,我们真正关注的问题，也就是贯穿时间的人格同一性，所以我不讨论那些。
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I wanted to say one more thing because I realize that you have to-- your first problem set will cover this-- is to talk about the concept that applies probability theory to Economics.
我还想提一点,因为我意识到...,你们的练习题中会涉及到这个,概率论在经济学中的,应用的问题
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That gets us to the smart thief. Why is this thief smart? Because she took 600. And she learned 600 that in fact there is a good way to solve this problem. And that's what we're going to talk about next. And that's something called dynamic programming.
现在我们要当聪明的贼,这个贼为什么聪明呢？,因为它选择了,它知道这事实上是解决这个问题的好方法,这就是我们接下来要讲的,也就是动态编程。
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The only other thing--then next period we're going to talk-- on Friday we're meeting again and we're meeting again about-- this time it's about efficient markets and I want to talk about the evidence for efficient markets and against it and that will lead you into your third problem set about efficient markets.
下节课的主题是,我们将在周五的课上讨论,有效市场问题,我要讨论关于支持和反对,有效市场的证据,那时你们可以开始做,第三本习题集,是关于有效市场的
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If I can use science fiction to talk about the possibility of splitting, and use that against the personality theory, I'm entitled to use science fiction examples to talk about the possibility of bodies splitting,and ask, what kind of problem that would raise for the body theory?
如果我能用科幻作品来谈论人格的分裂，用来驳斥人格理论，我也可以用科幻作品的例子,来探讨肉体分裂的可能，并提问，那会给肉体理论造成什么问题？
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The fascinating part about this layer is that it solves the problem for phospholipids about how to exist in water when half of you wants to be in oil, and that the water soluble part of the top leaflet here, of the top points up into the water, and the fatty acid chains point down.
这层膜的迷人之处在于,它解决了磷脂,如何存在于水中和油脂中的问题,水溶性的顶端部分,向上插入水中,而脂肪链则指向下
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I have one question on the problem set that asks you to think about how you would handle a decision.
习题册中有这样一道问题,你们将如何做出决策
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