In fact, the first PhD degree in engineering was awarded to a fellow named J. Willard Gibbs at Yale in 1863 for a thesis he did on how gears work or something, I forget exactly what the details are, but have you heard of Gibbs?
事实上 工程学的第一个博士学位授予了,一个名叫约西亚?威拉德?吉布斯的人,在一八六三年的耶鲁,他的论文是关于传动装置是如何工作的,细节方面的东西我记不清了,你们听说过吉布斯这个人么
you get to write a thesis about some kind of topic related to your major.
你要写一篇和你的专业有关的论文。
It is what you profess. Well, the thesis is also, another way to think of it, an answer to a question.
它就是你要表达的东西,这个论文也是,另一种思考它的方式,关于一个问题的答案。
I was particularly interested in metaphysical poetry political philosophy -- I wrote my thesis on a radical political philosopher of the 17th century of the civil war period.
我尤其感兴趣的是玄学诗派,和政治哲学,我的毕业论文,就是有关一名激进的政治哲学家,他生活在内战的十八世纪。
In many ways he is advancing a philosophic postulate of great scope and power, although the full development of the thesis is only left deeply embedded.
从很多方面看来,他是在向一种宏观视野,与权力的哲学式假说迈进,虽然这个论点并未发展完全,只是深植在他的想法中。
One is that he's just re-arranged an equation here and gotten both his PhD thesis and a Nobel Prize, but I think the more representative way to think about this is the real revolutionary idea that he put forth, which is that matter can actually behave as a wave.
一个是德布罗意仅仅,重新排列了一个方程,而且完成了博士论文并获得诺贝尔奖,但是我认为更具有代表性的观点,是他提出了实在的革命性的观点,那就是物质会有波的性质。
If Frederick Jackson Turner had anything right in "The Frontier Thesis", although he didn't pay hardly any attention to the South, this idea of a safety valve of a West to move to was surely there for slavery.
如果弗雷德里克·杰克逊·特纳,在《边境论》中有什么正确的言论,那就是,尽管他对南方几乎没有施以任何关注,即这个西进运动是一道安全阀的构想,显然是为奴隶制而设的
She was awarded tenure in 1938, denied a professorship for 18 years, and when she presented her Ph.D thesis she was the one that determined that the sun is made dominantly of hydrogen, not ion, the way most of the old goats thought.
她是在1938年被授予长期聘用资格,拒绝接受教授职位18年,她在她的博士论文写到,她就知道,太阳主要是由氢组成的,不是那些老教授认为的那样它是由离子构成的。
The thing about his thesis was it a very short thesis.
他的毕业论文很短。
And that is of course at the core of the famous Socratic thesis, that all virtue is a form of knowledge, all the virtues require knowledge and reflection at their basis.
而这正是,著名苏老论点的核心,所有美德都是一种知识形式,所有美德都需要,知识与反思作为其基础。
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