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Michael Barnett is a physicist at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in California and one of the people behind The Particle Adventure.
VOA: standard.2010.03.05
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If de Broglie is correct, we could then model the electron in its orbit not moving as a particle, but let's model it as a wave.
如果德布罗意是对的，那么我们可以在电子轨道中建立电子模型,不是像粒子一样运动，而是像波一样运动。
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If a photon which has no mass can behave as a particle, does it follow then an electron which has mass can behave as a wave? 1920.
如果一个没有质量的光子,能像粒子一样运动，那么它能像一个,没有质量的电子那样以波的形式运动吗。
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For a free and highly readable introduction to the world of particle physics available in 15 languages as well as English transport yourself to particleadventure.org, or visit our site,VOAnews.com, for the link to this and hundredsof other Websites of the Week.
VOA: standard.2010.03.05
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So you're basically having a wave equation for a particle, and for our purposes we're talking about a very particular particle. What we're interested in is the electron.
所以你们主要有,一个粒子的波动方程，我们的目的是考虑一个特殊的粒子,我们感兴趣的是电子。
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If I gave you the location of a particle as a function of time, you can find the velocity by taking derivatives.
如果我给出物体的位移是时间的函数,你可以通过求导来得到速度
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So, you cross link all the proteins in the virus, and you make a particle that looks like a virus but it can't act like a virus any longer because it can't replicate.
当病毒中所有的蛋白质交联后,就得到了一种看上去像病毒,却无法致病的病毒,因为这种病毒不能进行复制
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What we had just done a clicker question on is discussing light as a particle and the photoelectric effect, so we're going to finish up with a few points about the photoelectric effect today.
我们刚才做得课堂表决器那个问题,是讨论光作为一个粒子以及光电效应，所以今天我们将以一些,关于光电效应的观点作为结束。
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And it turns out that the Schrodinger equation is an equation of motion in which you're describing a particle by describing it as a wave.
结果是薛定谔方程,用描述粒子波动性的方式,来描述这个粒子。
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If a proton which has no mass can behave as a particle does it follow that an electron which has mass can behave as a wave?
如果一个没质量的光子能像粒子一样,具有质量的电子能否,表现得像波一样吗？
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So, we'll take a little bit of a step back after we introduce quantum mechanics, and talk about light as a wave, and the characteristic of waves, and then light as a particle. And one example of this is in the photoelectric effect.
等我们介绍完量子力学后,我们要回过头来讨论下光,作为一种波和它的波动性特征,以及光作为一种粒子,其中的一个粒子就是光电效应。
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So, the father gets a Nobel Prize for showing that an electron is a particle, and the son says, well, what can I do to top that?
他的父亲因为发现电子是粒子,而拿到了诺贝尔奖，那么儿子说，好，我能做些什么超越父亲的发现呢？
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Because any velocity I ascribe to a particle or an object, you will add a certain constant to it by the law of composition of velocity.
因为我描述的任何一个质点或者物体的速度,你都要根据速度叠加法则,给它加上某个常数
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You must remember that this describes a particle going side to side.
务必记住,描述的是一个质点的横向运动
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This describes a particle that's going around in a circle.
这个式子描述了质点的圆周运动
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We're describing the motion of a particle in a circle.
我们描述了圆周上一个点的运动
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Light can behave as a particle.
光子能像粒子一样运动。
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And to just give you a sense of what this is, the analytical expression that Heisenberg gave in one of its forms is that the uncertainty in the momentum a particle times the uncertainty in its position, this is the uncertainty.
给你说明一下什么是，分析的表述方式,海森堡给出的按照它的其中一种形式,那就是,粒子动量的不确定度乘以,位置的不确定度，这是不确定关系。
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And we'll also talk about photon momentum as another example of light behaving up as a particle.
并且我们也会讨论光子动量的问题,这个可以作为光有粒子行为的例子。
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So up to this point, before it was really established that yes, light is like a particle sometimes, there was this very strong distinction between what is light and what is matter.
所以关于这个观点，在它被真正确立之前，光有时候像粒子，在什么是光和什么是物质之间,有一个非常巨大的区别。
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So, let's see what the correct answer is, Wakefield and it is, in fact, Wakefield, right, because there's an inverse relationship between how fast a particle is going and what its wavelength is.
所以，让我们来看看,正确的答案是什么，事实上，答案是，因为粒子运动的快慢,与它的波长之间是一个反比例关系。
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An electron is a particle, but an electron's also a wave.
电子是粒子，但是电子也是波。
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I can also describe a particle going up and down.
我也可以描述一个质点的纵向运动
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I want to consider a particle which has definite acceleration a, a constant one, but a is now a vector.
我想考虑一个加速度为 a 的质点,加速度恒定,但 a 是一个矢量
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When a particle moves in a circle, it has an acceleration towards the center of this size, v^2 over R.
当一个质点在圆周上运动时,它有一个指向圆心的加速度,v^2 / R
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It's a particle of mass m and momentum p has this energy so you solve for the energy, you get two answers.
一个质量为m,动量为p的粒子,有这么大的能量,你解出能量,得到两个解
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What a particle tries to do generally is some crazy thing which doesn't have a name, but it's a function x of t.
一个质点的运动一般非常混乱,因此对应的函数没有名字,但它还是函数x
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Then, I gave you one other very important example of a particle moving in the x-y plane.
下面我再拿一个重要的例子,质点在 x-y 平面内的运动
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It tells you when a particle moves in a circle, it has an acceleration in a negative R direction, namely directed towards the center.
它告诉你当一个物体在圆周上运动时,它有一个在 -R 方向的加速度,也就是说是直接指向圆心的
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There is no way that you could irradiate a crystal of nickel with a single beam of x-rays and get that circular ring pattern if the electron beam were behaving as a particle beam only.
没有什么其他的途径,可以让镍晶体发射,单束X光来,继而得到环状图案,如果电子束,是以粒子束形式出现的。
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