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If dark matter particles exist, scientists say, they should be able to observe a small amount of light given off when they hit the nucleus of a xenon atom.
VOA: special.2009.07.21
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Let's look at the energetics of one of those electrons crashing into a hydrogen atom inside the gas tube.
我们一起来考察一下,其中的一个电子的能量,在阴极射线管中,撞击到氢原子上。
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OK, then it says draw a single bond from each surrounding atom to the central atom, and subtract two valence electrons.
后将中心原子与其相邻原子之间,连上单键，然后减掉2个价电子。
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Sometimes we have a very electronegative atom that's going to take more of its equal share of electron density.
有时候我们会有一个电负性很高的原子,它将会获取更多的共用电子密度。
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Suppose we've got some sort of radioactive atom, which has a certain chance of decaying.
假定我们有某种放射性原子,它们以一定的几率衰变
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So, what we get for the disassociation energy for a hydrogen atom is 424 kilojoules per mole.
因此，我们就得到了氢原子,离解能的大小为，424，千焦每摩尔。
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Because what it tells is that we can figure out exactly what the radius of an electron and a nucleus are in a hydrogen atom.
我们可以,准确的算出,氢原子中,电子。
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When it breaks this bond, that chlorine atom, a free chlorine atom comes down and reacts, this is ozone, with the ozone in the upper atmosphere.
当它打破这个化学键，氯原子，一个自由的氯原子下来,和在大气层的上方的臭氧反应，这就是臭氧，在大气上层有臭氧。
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a0 This is equal to a sub nought for a hydrogen atom, and we remember that that's just our Bohr radius, which is . 5 2 9 angstroms.
它等于,我们记得，这就是波尔半径,也就是0，529埃，实际上。
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Also, when we're looking at the Schrodinger equation, it allows us to explain a stable hydrogen atom, which is something that classical mechanics did not allow us to do.
当我们看一个薛定谔方程的时候，它给出一个稳定的氢原子,这是在经典力学中做不到的。
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We're going to be looking at the solutions to the Schrodinger equation for a hydrogen atom, and specifically we'll be looking at the binding energy of the electron to the nucleus.
我们将研究下氢原子薛定谔方程的解,特别是电子和核子的结合能,我们将研究这部分。
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So in terms of the first step of skeletal structure, this is actually going to be easier because we don't have a central atom, we just have carbon and nitrogen here.
对于第一步画出骨架，其实比刚才更容易,因为我们没有一个中心原子，我们这里只有碳和氮两个原子。
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In terms of where different atoms are in a molecule, if you have a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, you can pretty much guarantee they're always going to be terminal atoms.
对于不同原子在分子中的位置，如果你有一个氢原子或者一个氟原子，那你基本可以保证,它们总是最末端的原子。
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Whereas in molecular orbital theory, what I'm telling you is instead we understand that the electrons are spread all over the molecule, they're not just associated with a single atom or a single bond.
而在分子轨道理论里，我要告诉你们的时,我们任为电子分布在整个分子中,它们不仅仅是和,一个原子或者一个键有关。
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What I just spent many lectures discussing is the fact that we can not know how far away an electron is from the nucleus, so we can't actually know the radius of a certain atom.
我花了这么多课时所讨论的正是我们,不可能知道电子离原子核有多远这一事实，因此我们不可能知道某个原子的半径。
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This should make sense, because if an atom has a very high electron affinity, that means it's really happy taking an electron from another atom, or taking a free electron -- that that's very favorable.
这应该是合理的，因为如果一个原子有很高的电子亲和能，这意味着,它非常乐意从另外一个原子那里夺取一个电子，或者得到一个自由电子--这是非常利于发生的。
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So again, we should be able to check all of our formal charges and make sure they add up to 0, which they do, and that makes sense, because we have a neutral atom in terms of thionyl chloride.
因此同样地，我们可以检验一下,我们所有的形式电荷是否正确,确保它们加起来等于零，而它们确实是这样，这是合理的，因为亚硫酰氯是一个中性原子。
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If we want to talk about two hydrogen atoms, then we just need to double that, so that's going to be negative 2 6 2 4 kilojoules per mole that we're talking about in terms of a single hydrogen atom.
而要讨论两个氢原子，我们只需要把它乘以二，因此应该是负的，2624，千焦每摩尔,这就是单个的氢原子的情况。
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So let's take two cases of shielding if we're talking about, for example, the helium, a helium nucleus or a helium atom.
所以我们来对屏蔽举两个例子,如果我们在讨论氦，举例来说一个氦原子核或者氦原子。
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If we know that this is it the dissociation energy for a hydrogen atom, we can also say the bond strength for hydrogen molecule 424 is 424.
如果我们知道了这是一个氢分子的离解能,那么我们也可以说氢分子的键的强度,就是。
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So, this allows us to look at a bunch of different atoms, of course, limited to the fact that it has to be a 1 electron atom.
所以这让我们可以研究很多原子，只要它们都只有一个电子。
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So I said that this technique was used to experimentally determine what the different binding energies or the different ionization energies are for the different states in a multielectron atom.
我说过，这项技术被用来,在实验上确定多电子原子的,各个不同态相应的束缚能,或者电离能。
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And it should make sense where we got this from, because we know that the binding energy, if we're talking about a hydrogen atom, what is the binding energy equal to?
很容易理解，我们怎么得到这个的，因为我们知道，结合能，如果，对氢原子来说，结合能等于什么？
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And what is discussed is that for a 1 s hydrogen atom, that falls at an a nought distance away from the nucleus.
我们讨论了对于氢原子１ｓ轨道，它的最可能半径在距离原子核ａ０处。
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So, I'm asking very specifically about radial nodes here, how many radial nodes does a hydrogen atom 3 d orbital have?
我问的是径向节点，这里3d轨道的径向节点有多少个？
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So, essentially you've got a positive ball which is identical to the size of the atom.
首先你要有一个和原子差不多大小的,带正电荷的球。
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if we have a very electronegative atom within a certain molecule, what you'll actually find is that it does affect how the molecule is going to take place or take part in different chemical or biological reactions.
如果在某个分子中有一个电负性很高的原子，你会发现它确实会影响到,这个分子所起的作用,在不同的化学反应或者生物反应中时。
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So, what this lets us do now is directly compare, for example, the strength of a bond in terms of a hydrogen atom and hydrogen molecule, compared to any kind of molecule that we want to graph on top of it.
因此，这让我们现在可以做到直接进行比较，比如，将一个氢原子，和一个氢分子的键的强度，与任何其它类型的分子进行比较,我们只需要把它的曲线也画在这幅图上。
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So again, what we're saying here is that it is most likely in the 3 s orbital that we would find the electron 11 and 1/2 times further away from the nucleus than we would in a around state hydrogen atom.
同样我们,这里说的是,氢原子３ｓ轨道中,最可能找到电子的地方,是基态的１１．５倍。
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These are all one electron atoms, and they are gas, a single atom.
这些都是单电子原子，它们都是气体，都是单原子。
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