That rate of rise is steeper so they--antibody levels go up more rapidly and they reach a higher level.

同时,上升速度也更加迅速,以达到更高的浓度水平

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At some point, maybe a week later, four to eight days later, you would start to see antibody levels rise.

之后,或许一周之后,四天到八天之间,就可以看到抗体的浓度开始上升

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Now, we're not thinking about total antibody concentration because you already have a lot of antibodies circulating within your blood and in your fluids.

现在,我们先不考虑抗体总浓度,因为你的体内已存在许多抗体,在血液以及体液中循环

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Now, why do you need a cell mediated immune response if you have an antibody response?

为什么你还要有细胞免疫反应呢,你已经有抗体应答了啊

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These are cells that recognize a particular antigen, they're ready to differentiate into antibody.

这些记忆细胞可识别相应的抗原,它们已经准备好分化产生抗体

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There's a lag phase, there's a slow rise to an intermediate level of antibody.

会有迟滞期,在该时期,抗体浓度缓慢到达中间水平

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I realize that this thinking about antigen, antibody combinations and the mathematics of how strongly an antibody binds to a specific antigen, is maybe something that's new to you.

我觉得这些关于 抗原抗体结合,以及,抗体如何强有力地结合抗原的问题,对你们来说很新鲜

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If this was tetanus, you got this tetanus vaccine when you were young; you get a boost every five or ten years because your antibody levels are starting to fall.

以破伤风为例,小时候,你接种过破伤风的疫苗,每隔五年或十年要再接种一次,这是因为体内的抗体浓度会下降

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Don't worry about how they work in the immune system, but what if you could manufacture antibodies then you could make a chemical, an antibody, that is capable of binding to a specific other chemical and you could use that for things.

别管它们在免疫系统内是怎么工作的,只要考虑能不能制造抗体,那么假设你能制造这种化学物质 抗体,抗体又能够同其他特别的化学物质结合,你就可以让抗体为我所用

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Usually the cellular means that they get rid of is that instead of an antibody being produced, you activate a population of cells that will specifically go and hunt down the foreign antigen, or more commonly, cells that contain the foreign antigen.

通常细胞免疫意味着,不用生成抗体就能清除抗原,你激活了一个细胞类群,这一类群能够,并杀伤外源抗原,或者更常见的是,杀伤含有外源抗原的细胞

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The humoral immune response involves antibody production and antibodies are made by a subset of cells called B-cells.

体液免疫反应中包括抗体的产生过程,抗体是由一类称为B细胞的细胞亚族产生

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Now, for antibody production it is still a T-cell that recognizes the antigen presenting cell.

现在,抗体的产生,仍是源于T淋巴细胞识别出抗原呈递细胞

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That's shown here, a B-cell gets stimulated, matures into an antibody producing factory.

这里展示的是,当一个B细胞被激活,分化成熟为一个生成抗体的工厂

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Because at the end of the Y, there's a special region of the antibody, the antigen-binding region, that is highly tuned for binding to the antigen that stimulated them.

因为Y形抗体的末端,是抗体上非常特殊的一个区域,即抗原结合区域,这一区域高度特异性地,用于结合激活免疫的抗原

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In the case of the helper cells they stimulate a specific population of B-cells to mature into antibody producing cells, and that antibody is generated against the antigen that stimulated it.

以辅助性T细胞为例,辅助性T细胞刺激特定的B细胞,使这些细胞成长为抗体分泌细胞,抗体分泌细胞产生大量的抗体,以消灭大量增殖的抗原

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So, either stimulates the production of-- and differentiation of B-cells, to produce a specific antibody that can neutralize the virus, or stimulates the production of cytotoxic T-cells that can kill infected cells within your body.

所以,疫苗的刺激要么能够,促进B淋巴细胞产生和分化,以生成特定的抗体来杀灭病毒,要么刺激T细胞释放细胞毒素,杀死身体里被感染的细胞

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