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Let's re-draw this, so it looks a little bit neater, where we have a triple bond in the middle instead, and again, we need our negative 1 charge there.
让我们重写这个，这样看起来更整洁一点，我们有一个三键在中间，同样地，我们这里需要一个负电荷。
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I mean, hypothetically a bond trading at $.60 on the dollar with an 8% coupon, five-year bond that's yielding about 18%.
我的意思是，假设一种债券以0。60美元进行交易,同时有8%的票息，五年期债券收益率在18%左右。
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They want to get as far away from each other possible, the ideal angle is 120. But what we have here is a four-membered ring, so what angle does 90° that have to be, that bond? 90 degrees.
它们想要尽量远离彼此，最理想的是形成120°键角,但现在是个四元环,所以这键角应该多大？
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As we see a little bit later, I could talk about the carbon-hydrogen bond in methane where there is a plurality of bonds. In this case, there is only the one bond but I just want to get the formulas.
因为我们后来看到一点点，我能讨论甲烷中的碳氢共价键,那有许多共价键，这种情况下，这只有一条共价键,但我想得到氟。
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It's the most simple-- or often called a bill-- a discount bond does not pay interest; it's sold at a discount.
它是最简单的,经常被称为国库券,它是一种贴现债券,且不付息,并以折扣价发行
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So, we have this security and a ten-year bond would have twenty coupons attached, each with a date on them.
我们持有这样的证券，是十年期的债券,并附有二十张息票，每一个都有日期在上面。
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So, for example, down here I wrote that it was n 2 and that it was h 2, but when I re-wrote the molecules up here, you saw that it's an h h single bond where it's a nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond.
比如，在这下面我写的是氮分子2,而这个是氢分子，但我在上面把这些分子的形式改写了，大家可以看到,这是一个氢与氢之间的单键，含一个氮与氮之间的三键。
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So, if we talked about a nitrogen-nitrogen single versus double versus triple bond, the triple bond will be the shortest and it will be the strongest.
因此，如果我们讨论的是氮与氮之间的单键,双键与三键，那么三键应该是其中最短的一个，同时也是最强的一个。
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Of course, the money had to come from somewhere, so bond allocations were at a fifteen-year low.
当然投资股票的钱不是凭空变出来的,于是债券投资所占比例跌至15年来最低
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So if you think about any one of these carbon-carbon bonds, what type of a bond would you expect that to be?
如果你们考虑任何一个碳碳键，它是什么类型的？
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So we know that it's 1, because we have 1, 2, 3, 4 bonding, minus 2 anti-bonding, and 1/2 of that is a bond order of 1.
我们知道它是，因为我们有1，2，3，4个成键，减去2个反键，它的一半就是键序为1。
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And the last bond that we have here is a carbon-carbon bond, and this is our last p orbitals that are coming together.
最后一个键是碳碳键，这是最后一个组合的p轨道。
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If it was a twenty-year bond, there would be forty coupons, one for each six-month period, and each one would have a date on it.
假如是20年债券,会有40张息票,每六个月一张,并且上面会有日期
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This means it is not a strict bond one-to-one.
这意味着不是严格1对1的键。
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So, if it's a four-year bond, it would trade at about $90, 6% so it would be yielding 6%.
所以，如果这是四年期的债券，那么它可能在大约90美元左右进行交易，因此它的收益率大约在。
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So there's not a lot of room in the government bond market or other high-quality bond markets to generate excess returns.
所以对于政府债券或者优质债券,超额收益的空间不大
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Is a hydrogen bond shorter, or is a nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond going to be shorter?
是氢的键更短，还是氮与氮的三键更短？
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That bond multiple of 72 is just a drag on returns -what's the point?
债券72倍的收益看起来像在拖后腿,为什么还要投资于债券呢
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It took these institutions until 1993--a full six years-- to get their bond allocation back down to where it had been prior to the crash in October 1987.
这些机构直至1993年,整整六年时间,才恢复到1987年10月崩盘之前的,债券投资配置
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If we have an annual return that we're looking at, we can find a completely riskless asset with an annual return-- it would be a government bond that matures in one year.
如果我们可以查看各项资产的年度收益，我们可以找到一个零风险,且达到预期年度收益的资产项目-,也许是一年期的政府债券。
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If you have a bond with an interest rate of 4.375% -that's not an easy one to divide by two but you would get half of that every six months until maturity.
如果你持有一种利率为4.375%的债券,这个数除以2有点难算,而在债券到期前,每半年你能得到4.375%一半的券息
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What you could do hundreds of years ago-- and can still do it today-- was go to a bank and present this bond or IOU and say, "What will you give me for it?"
在数百年前你们能做的,在今天还是能够做到的就是,到银行出示这份合约或欠条,问,你们根据它能给我多少钱
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We can know this information even if we just knew that the bond was stronger, we wouldn't need to look at a graph here, because it turns out that if you have a stronger bond, -- that also means that you have a shorter bond -- those two are correlated.
我们依然可以得到上面的信息,即使我们所知道仅仅是这个键更强，我们不需要去看这个图，因为事实上如果你有一个更强的键，这也就意味着你有一个更短的键-,这两点是互相关联的。
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So let's take a look at what actually happens if we're talking about a carbon-carbon double bond, we're going to have a double bond.
让我们来看一看碳碳双键的情况,例如在乙烷里，我们有个双键。
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So for the bond order we want to take 1/2 of the total number of bonding electrons, so that's going to be 4 minus anti-bonding is 4, so we end up getting a bond order that's equal to 0.
键序等于1/2乘以,总的成键电子数，也就是4，减去反键电子数，也就是4。,所以最后得到键序为0。
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So, if we look at this graph where what we're charting is the internuclear distance, so the distance between these two hydrogen atoms, as a function of energy, -- what we are going to see is a curve that looks like this -- this is the general curve that you'll see for any covalent bond, and we'll explain where that comes from in a minute.
因此，如果我们来看一看这幅曲线图,这里我们画的横坐标是核间距，也就是这两个氢原子之间的距离，纵坐标是能量，我们看到的这是能量关于核间距的曲线-,这是一条普遍的曲线，在研究任何共价键时你都会遇到，我们马上就会解释一下它是怎么来的。
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The shortest term debt instrument in the United States is the Federal Funds Rate, which is an overnight rate--one day maturity-- and the longest issued by the Government is a thirty-year government bond, which will be repaid three decades in the future.
美国最短期的债券,是联邦基金利率,隔夜拆兑,一天到期,而时间最长的国债,是一种三十年期的政府债券,未来三十年才兑现
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Just as I foreshadowed, if you look at the difference between the first and third quartile in the bond market -these are active returns over a ten-year period again ending June 30,2005 -and the fixed income market, the difference between first and third quartile is a half a percent per annum.
如我之前所示,如果观察,债券市场中的第一和第三个四分位数,四分位数即统计学中,把所有数值由小到大排列并分成四等份三个分割点位置分别就是三个四分位数 考虑十年期的主动型的收益,截止于2005年6月30日,在债券这个固定收益市场,第一和第三个四分位数,每年只差0.5%
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Remember, I said I'm doing this because I expect to have a hundred pounds-- I said one dollar-- I'm going to have to pay out a hundred pounds because this one-period bond, worth one hundred pounds principal, is coming due so I have to pay it out.
回想一下,我说过我会这么做,是因为我会得到一百英镑,我口误说成了一美元,我将要偿还的数额是一百英镑,因为这张一年期,一百英镑面值的债券即将到期,于是我不得不将其支付
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The reason they call them coupons is that, in the old days, you used to actually--when you bought a bond, there would be a piece of paper and the piece of paper would have attached to it a lot of little coupons that you would clip.
这里被称作"票息"的原因是,在过去,当你买了债券的时候,会有一张纸,那张纸上附带了许多,你能剪下来的小纸票
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