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And again, you'll notice that our energy is absolutely the same for an electron in that 2px and 2s orbital.
同样，你们会发现2px轨道的能量,和2s轨道是一样的。
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But the Phase 1s and Phase 2s, they're not exactly the same for everyone.
但是第一阶段和第二阶段，对每个人来说，并不是完全一样的。
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s There is the 2s.
这是。
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When we talk about the n equals 2 state, we now have 2 squared or 4 degenerate same energy orbitals, and those are the 2 s orbital.
当考虑n等于2的态时，我们有2的平方,或者4个简并能量的轨道，它们是2s轨道。
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s Here you would have a 2s, here is a 2s, and when the two of them smear we end with something that looks like this.
这里一个2s，这里一个，当这两个发生拖尾时,我们就像这样结束它。
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s And what we find is we're going from about or exactly a 6 a nought here, to almost three times that when we're going from 2 s to 3 s.
从2s到,我们发现它，从6a0到大约增大了３倍。
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So you should remember that any time we combine 2 s orbitals, what we're going to find is if we constructively interfere those two orbitals, we're going to form a bonding orbital.
你们要记住，任何时候我们组合两个2s轨道，我们会发现,如果我们把它们相长叠加，我们会得到一个成键轨道。
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So in other words a very low energy is what we're going to have when we talk about the orbitals -- the energy of the 2 s orbital is going to be less than the energy of the 2 p orbital.
换句话说一个非常低的能量,是我们将会得到的当我们谈论轨道时,2s轨道的,能量比2p轨道,的能量低。
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And, if I take and I mix the 2s and the 2p's, and by the Hund rule, if I can come up with four, what have I got?
由洪特规则，如果我把2S和2P轨道混合，如果我们能提供4个轨道，我们已经有什么了？
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And we can think about here we did get that energy for electron promotion that I mentioned before 2p where we moved the electron from the 2 s to the 2 p.
我们可以考虑,我们从哪里,获得了能量使电子,从2s激发到。
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Because we have paired set in a 2 s orbital, so all we're left essentially is two electrons that are available for bonding.
因为我们有一对，在2s轨道里已经配对了,所以只剩下两个电子可以用来成键。
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Would you expect to see electron promotion in nitrogen where we pull one of these 2 s electrons into one of the 2 p orbitals?
你们觉得会看到电子激发吗？,1个2s电子,跑到2p轨道里？
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s Then we go up to the 2 s, and we have two electrons that we can fill in the 2 s.
然后我们上升至，我们有两个电子,可以填充至2s选择。
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For example, for the 2 s, again what you see is that the multi-electron atom, its 2 s orbital is lower in energy than it is for the hydrogen.
举例来说对于2s轨道，在多电子原子，中可以看到,它的2s轨道的能量低于氢原子的。
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So now we have to include both the 1 s orbitals and also the 2 s orbitals.
所以我们现在要,包括1s轨道和2s轨道。
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He says let's just makes the 2s and 2p orbitals.
他研究的对象是2S和2P轨道。
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And what we're actually talking about again is the zeffective. So that z effective felt by the 2 p is going to be less than the z effective felt by the 2 s.
我们实际上所谈论的,所以被2p感觉到的,的有效电荷量,有效电荷量小于2s感觉到。
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We can actually specify where those nodes are, 2a0 which is written on your notes.
这些节点在哪，这在你们的讲义上写出来了，对于2s轨道，在。
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Again, boron is a good example. Look, 0.8, 1.36. This is 2p. This is 2s.
硼又可以是一个很好的例子，看，0。,1。36，这是2p层，这是2s层。
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s So this is the 1 s, you can look it up if you're interested 5s for the 2 s, or 3 s, or 5 s, or whatever you're curious about.
这是，如果你们感兴趣,你们可以找找2s或者3s或者，或者任何你感兴趣的轨道。
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The lower ones come from 1s and the upper ones come from 2s.
下面的是1s组合成的,上面的是2s组成的。
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s1 Here is 1s atomic. But lithium has 2s1, so I need a 2s atomic orbital here and likewise over here.
这是1s原子，但锂有两层，所以我还需要在这里添加2s轨道,就像那样。
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So what we can say here is that the 2 p is less than or smaller than the 2 s orbital.
所以我们可以说,2p轨道比2s轨道要小。
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S 2P We are only looking at 2s and 2p.
我们只看。
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So, why don't you take a look at this and tell me which are possible for a 2 s electron in a lithium atom where z 3 is going to be equal to three?
你们为什么不看一下这个然后告诉我对,于一个锂原子中的2s电子哪些是可能,的？它的有效电荷量,可能等于？
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The other thing that I want you to notice, is if you look at the most probable radius, for the 2 s orbital it's actually out further away from the nucleus than it is for the 2 p orbital.
另外一个你们要注意的地方就是，如果你们看它的最可能半径，2s轨道比2p轨道的,要更加远离原子核。
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So, for example, if we look at the 2 s orbital of argon, it's going to have the same amount of nodes and the same type of nodes that the 2 s orbital for hydrogen has.
所以举例来说，如果我们看氩的2s轨道，它有相同数量的节数,和相同类型的节点,对于氢的2s轨道。
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This is two electrons in the 2s orbital, and there are two electrons in the 2p orbital.
s轨道有两个电子，2p轨道上也有两个电子。
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So what we end up with is one radial node for the 2 s orbital of hydrogen, and we can apply that for argon or any other multi-electron atom here, we also have one radial node for the 2 s orbital of argon.
那意味着它们都是径向节点,所以我们得出的结论是，氢的2s轨道是1个径向节点,我们可以将它应用，到氩或者任意一个多电子原子,对于氩的2s轨道。
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In both cases we're taking an electron out of the 2 s orbital.
在这两种情况下，我们都拿走了一个，2s，电子。
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