-
s1 Here is 1s atomic. But lithium has 2s1, so I need a 2s atomic orbital here and likewise over here.
这是1s原子，但锂有两层，所以我还需要在这里添加2s轨道,就像那样。
-
So, we being chemists, 1s we'll call that 1 s instead of 1, 0.
作为化学家，我们把1，0，0叫做。
-
It's not going to get converted into 0s and 1s.
它们最后不会转换成0和。
-
s Why are we not looking at 1s?
为什么我们不看？
-
So what we're doing is filling in those eight electrons following the Aufbau principle, so our first electron is 1s going to go in the 1 s, and then we have no other options for other orbitals that are at that same energy, 1s so we put the second electron in the 1 s as well.
它会是什么样子呢,我们正在做的是将这8个电子按照奥弗,堡原理进行填充,所以我们第一个电子将会进入，然后我们没有其他的,轨道的选择在同一个能级，所以我们把第二个电子也放入。
-
So, let's look at what this actually is for what we're showing here is the 1 s hydrogen atom.
让我们来看看,我们这里给出的这个氢原子1s轨道,到底是什么。
-
We got them from combining again, 1 s orbital and the 3 p orbitals. If we hybridize these, what we end up seeing are these four hybrid orbitals.
我们把1s轨道，和3p轨道结合而得到它们，如果我们杂化它们，我们最后会看到4个杂化轨道。
-
s plus 1s gives you this oval ellipsoid which is the bonding, and here are the antibonding, and then these are the energy levels that I have been drawing for you.
s和1s上两个电子组成的键合电子成椭圆形,这是成键，这是反键电子，这些是刚刚已经画过的能级,我也给你们画了。
-
So it's along the bond axis and it's between a carbon s p 2 hybrid, and then the hydrogen is just a 1 s orbital that we're combining here.
所以它是沿着键轴方向的,而且这里是一个碳sp2杂化轨道，和一个氢的1s轨道的结合,在这里我们可以合并他们。
-
And if we think about the six hydrogens, now each of those are going to bind by combining one of the carbon hybrid orbitals to a 1 s orbital of hydrogen.
如果我们考虑有六个氢原子，每个都会合起来,碳杂化轨道成键,每个氢的1s轨道。
-
So this is the 1 s star, sigma 1 s star orbital, and what you have in the center here is a node, right in the center between the two nuclei.
这是1s星，sigma1s星轨道，中间这个是节点，它在两个原子核中间。
-
So you can see here in this slide we have the atomic orbitals for the two hydrogen atoms, each of them have one electron in them, hydrogen has one electron in a 1 s orbital.
从这个幻灯片你们可以看到我们,有这两个氢原子的原子轨道，每个上面有个电子，氢原子上面有一个电子在1s轨道上。
-
First of all, this is the two s orbitals in hydrogen, 1s plus 1s smearing to give us this sigma molecular orbital.
首先，这是氢气中的两个s轨道，1s与1s轨道重叠,产生sigma分子轨道。
-
So in this case the cross term represents constructive interference between the two 1 s atomic wave functions.
在这种情况下交叉项代表两个,1s原子波函数的相干干涉。
-
It makes sense to draw the wave function as a circle, because we do know that 1 s orbitals are spherically symmetric.
把波函数画成一个圆是有道理的，因为我们知道1s轨道是球对称的。
-
And that's just to take 1 the principle quantum number l and subtract it by 1, and then also subtract from that your l quantum number.
主量子数,减去,再减去，量子数,你们可以对1s轨道来验证一下。
-
And it's the 0s and 1s, that notice they're in patterns of 8 generally or chunks of 8, the so called byte that the actual CPU understands.
也就是一些0啊，1啊，请大家注意,这些数字每8个挨一块，这就是所谓的字节,实际CPU能够处理的东西。
-
So, using the terminology of chemists, which is a good thing to do, because in this course we are all chemists, we want to make sure that we're not using just the physical description of the numbers, but that we can correlate it to 1 0 0 what we understand as orbitals, and instead of 1, 0, 0, 1s we call this the 1 s orbital.
我们最好学会，利用这些化学术语，因为我们这课,就是关于化学的，我们,不仅要知道，这些数字,的物理描述，还要能把它,和我们知道的轨道联系起来，我们叫它。
-
So if we square sigma 1 s star, we flip the amplitude so it's all positive now, but again we still have this node right in the middle.
如果我们平方1s星，我们把振幅翻转所以现在都是正的，但同样在中间有个节点。
-
H2 So the simplest case we can think of is with h 2 where we have two unpaired electrons, each in a 1 s orbital of a separate h atom.
最容易想到的例子是2,我们有两个未配对电子，每个都在一个分开的1s轨道上。
-
So, I think we're a little bit out of time today, but we'll start next class with thinking about drawing radial probability distributions of more than just the 1 s orbital.
快没时间了,但我们，在下节课会讲,1s轨道以外的,径向概率分布。
-
This is sigma star with the antibonding orbital that came from 1s, and it is a molecular orbital.
这是sigma星，来自于1s的反键轨道,它是一个分子轨道。
-
This is the 1s. And, just to be clear, this is the 1s atomic orbital in atomic hydrogen.
说清楚，这是原子氢的1s原子轨道。
-
s Yeah. And specfically it's the 1 s, so not just the s, but the 1 s orbital.
嗯，它是，不仅是s，是1s轨道。
-
So we would label our anti-bonding orbital higher in energy than our 1 s atomic orbitals.
我们应该把反键轨道标在,高于1s原子轨道能量的地方。
-
We then have the 1 s 2 electron, and what is our third electron going to be?
然后是1s电子，那么第三个电子会是什么呢？是的？
-
So now we have to include both the 1 s orbitals and also the 2 s orbitals.
所以我们现在要,包括1s轨道和2s轨道。
-
And again, if we write out what all the terms are, we again have 1 s a squared plus 1 s b squared, but now what we're doing is we're actually subtracting the interference term.
同样，如果我们把所有的项都写出来，同样我们有1s平方加上1sb平方，先现在我们做的是,我们要减去干涉项。
-
And again, you might be thinking well, why didn't we actually hybridize this 2 p y orbital.
它来自1s和2p轨道，所以它是sp2，同样。
-
Here is 1s, if you like, k shell.
比如1s轨道，如果你愿意，k层。
应用推荐