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You might believe for instance, that women should not prepare food when menstruating because it would contaminate the food.
例如，你可能会认为，女人来月经时不应该做饭,因为这样会亵渎了食物。
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Back to our hypothetical, you know, our initial discussion of Flaming Hot Cheetos: by his definition that would not qualify as food.
再回过头来谈谈我们之前的假定,我们曾讨论过关于火焰辣奇多的问题,按照他的定义,奇多不能算作食物
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At the end, the writer doesn't depict him as needing the sacrifice for food or sustenance.
最后，作者也没有把上帝描述成,一个需要贡品来获得食物的人。
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But we delivered the baked goods and said, "Hi, how are you? We're here now."
但我们还是把食物送了过去,说,"嗨,你好,我们刚搬来"
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To require him to pay, let's say, a third of his earnings to the government to support good causes like food and health care and housing and education for the poor, that's coercion, that's unjust.
假设，让他拿出三分之一的收入,交给政府来支持公益事业,为穷人提供食物，医疗保障，住房和教育，这就是强迫，是不公平的。
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You've got horses which you need for the army but also which they start slaughtering; you've got cattle but you have enough food to last for maybe a month; there's always a lot to drink because of the caves, that is, the wine cellars that people had, but things get worse and worse.
你有军队所需的马,但是士兵会把马杀来吃,你有牛,但是这些食物只能,维持大概一个月的时间,喝的东西总是不缺的,因为他们有酒窖,就是用来储藏葡萄酒的酒窖,不过事态还是变得越来越糟
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Well there are methods that get used to track population intake and methods to track individual food intake, and let's talk about each of them.
有的方法,用于追踪总体摄入量,有的方法追踪个体食物摄入量,让我们分开来谈
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They use food frequency questionnaires, which I mentioned before, surveys, and then biological markers like blood tests of certain things to see how diet is related to health.
研究员还运用食物频率调查表,我之前曾提到过,各类调查以及生物标志物,像是血液检测等手段,来研究饮食与健康之间的关系
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And because of this nutritionism, because of the reductionism where we have become so precise about what we eat in terms of its tiny constituents that we've lost track of the bigger picture of food.
由于被营养学,以及简化论所左右,使得我们对食物的,简化论:社会调查的一个名词指用个体层次资料揭示宏观层次的现象 每一点细节都变得特别在意 即用比较低的分析单位来测量而作出的是比较高的分析单位才能得出的结论,反而失去与食物在宏观上的联系
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But also, switching out the trans fat in another kind of fat doesn't change the calories at all.
同样地,用其它的脂肪来代替,反式脂肪酸不会改变食物的总热量
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Nutrients get broken down into several classes and these are the constituents of food that your body uses for one purpose or another.
营养素这个问题需要花几节课来讨论,它们是食物的组成要素,供给身体吸收,支持身体机能运转
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Let's just put together some criteria for what-- if you had to say what defines a food, what makes something a food, what would you say?
我们来总结一些,用来定义食物的判断标准,什么决定了某种东西是否是食品,你们认为是什么
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And it means the people in Los Angeles who were eating their food, a lot of it shipped in from far away have a distant relationship with it.
这意味着曾自给自足的洛杉矶人,所吃的食物要从远处运来,所以人与食品间的关系被拉远了
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Once it became true that people could raise food or gather food, or produce food for more than just themselves or their families, meant that people were free to do other things.
这些成为现实之后,人类不仅仅能为他们自己或家人,种植,收集或制造食物,也就是说人们可以有空来做别的事情
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In fact, people do consume foods with cholesterol, but most of the cholesterol in the body is synthesized from foods that don't have cholesterol itself but have fat that the body turns into cholesterol.
实际上,尽管人们食用含胆固醇的食物,但人体内大多的胆固醇都是由,本身不含胆固醇的食物的脂肪,转化合成而来的
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So could you use taxes and subsidies, for example, to raise the price of foods that you think people should be eating less of, and lower the price of things you would like people eating more of?
你能通过税收和补助金的方式来解决吗,例如,抬高那些你觉得大家应该少吃,的食品的价格,降低那些你认为我们,应该多吃的食物的价格
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This was thought by many to be a positive change but in game rich environments where there was a lot of meat available, people could actually get many more calories per hour-- that is secure more food that would help fend off starvation compared to what they could get for people cultivating food.
很多人都认为这是一个积极的改变,然而 在那些富饶地区,获取肉类轻而易举,同样时间内,人类可以获取更多能量,相对那些靠种植获取食物的人类来说,这些地区有足够多的食物来抵御饥荒
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Now we'll go back further than 10,000 years to talk about the history of food, but in those--but at 10,000 years ago several very important changes happened that have shaped to a great extent what our modern relationship with food is.
让我们回到一万多年前,来讨论饮食史,但是,一万年前,发生了一些很重要的变化,这些变化很大程度上塑造了,现代人类与食物的关系
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We'll talk about whether food can promote health; of course it can if done right, and we'll talk about the specific properties of food that promote good health and what can be done to increase the opportunity of food to improve the public's health in a national and international way.
我们将讨论食物是否能促进健康,当然,适当的饮食能促进健康,我们还将讨论健康食品的特殊性质,以及我们如何,通过食物来提高,全国乃至全世界公众的健康水平
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Now the people in this poll were asked the same question and here's what they said, so 75% said that one reason is that it's more convenient, it's what people like to eat, it's heavily advertised, it's more affordable, people may not know which foods are healthy.
在这个调查中人们也被问到了这个问题,我们来看看他们的答案,75%的人说选择垃圾食品是因为更方便,合乎口味,广告的大力宣传,更便宜,人们可能并不知道哪些食物才是健康的
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Now I'm not-- again, this is the kind of detail I'm not expecting you to remember, but it's just an exemplar of this broader issue about how dependence on certain foods leads to nutritional deficiencies that have to get remedied somehow or else people have health problems.
现在,我不是,我并不希望你们能记住这些细节,它们不过是作为一个例子来拓宽,由于依赖某种食物而导致营养不良的问题,要采取弥补措施,不然会引起健康问题
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They want to know where it comes from, who grew it in some cases, how many miles it got transported, what was put on the food as it was being produced, what was given to the animals or injected into them as the beef was coming out, or the pork, or the chicken and these will be very interesting topics to discuss.
人们希望知道食物从何而来,由谁种植的,从多远的地方运过来,在加工过程中,在食物中添加了什么,人们看到牛肉,猪肉或鸡肉时,会想知道这些动物,都被注射了什么,这些话题讨论起来都会很有意思
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There are a number of different methods that scientists use to see what foods are related to particular health outcomes, and we won't go through all of them but I will -over the course of the class we'll talk about various methods, but I'd like to talk about two primary ones today.
科学家有很多不同的方法,来研究食物与健康的关系,我们不会一一提及但我会,这门课上我们会提到很多方法,但我今天只想说两大重要方法
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So but the diary is a way to get more sophisticated information on individuals for dietary counseling purposes and the like, but it's pretty labor intensive and then it requires either a computer to analyze the diet or some human being who is trained in this to sit down and make sense of the data.
日记这个办法,可获得更加精确的个体信息,用以进行饮食咨询等,但这更像是劳动密集型工作,然后还需要一台电脑,来分析食物数据,有些人学的就是,坐在电脑前弄明白这些数据
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