I'm going to show you slogans from food companies and you guys tell me what foods they're affiliated with, what foods they're associated with.

我给你们放几个食品公司的广告语,大家要告诉我这些广告语源自哪里,是关于什么食品的

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

So if you want to have a rich food and quality food, you have to put more inside.

如果你想要营养丰富的品质食品，你就得投入更多。

问上门厨师 - SpeakingMax英语口语达人

Now let's get onto the course topic for today, which is food and evolution.

现在我们要进入今天的主题,即食品和人类演化

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Why would the food industry want to introduce Trans fat in the first place?

最初食品业为什么要引进反式脂肪呢

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

So we started collecting cereals and things like that from various countries, and found in this preliminary study, that it was the case, the American foods were sweeter.

我们从全球各地,收集了一些麦片之类的样本,研究发现,情况确实如此,美国的食品相对要甜一些

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

And it means the people in Los Angeles who were eating their food, a lot of it shipped in from far away have a distant relationship with it.

这意味着曾自给自足的洛杉矶人,所吃的食物要从远处运来,所以人与食品间的关系被拉远了

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

You figure that most of those boxes are being eaten by somebody or another, there's some waste that you might calculate in, but there--error gets introduced there trying to estimate that, so you get a number on that.

你的计算中大部分食品,都被人们吃了,浪费的那些也要计算进来,但其中的误差,也要估算出来,最后得出一个数字

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

And so one could say that there is a very unfortunate mismatch between our biology and our evolution and the modern food environment, because biology of course takes thousands and thousands, millions of years even to change, but the food environment has changed relatively recently.

可以说,在人类的生物进化和现在的,食品环境之间存在着非常不幸的脱节,生物学上的改变要花上,成千上万年的时间,但是食品环境却可以在短时间内迅速改变

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Now what you might do about this, let's say that we--that you're the Surgeon General or you're the top health official in some country and you agree with this poll, that people are eating too much junk food.

那我们现在要怎么做呢,假设,你是卫生部部长或者你是,某国的卫生部门的高官并且你认可,人们摄取了过量垃圾食品的结论

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Then what the program will do will give you a series of things it might potentially be because it recognizes that you could be entering more than one thing, and then you have to take the one that you think is closest to what you're actually eating.

系统就会给你,一系列它认为正确的选项,因为它可能会认为你的东西不止一种,之后你要选择,与你所吃食品最接近的选项

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

And also, as I'll discuss in a minute, a lot of people don't recognize what a portion is, and because the food industry has been very successful at recalibrating us to think about what's acceptable to eat in one sitting at one time, and because of that our notions of portions have been thrown way off.

同时,马上我要讲到,很多人不知道摄入量是什么,因为食品业,成功的重塑了我们,就坐用餐时关于什么东西是可食用的看法,而这使我们对摄入量这个概念,有了不同看法

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选