Now the added sugar before, does anybody remember from the Eaton article how ancient humans added sugar to things?
在糖类出现以前,有谁还记得伊顿的一篇文章是谈论,祖先是如何在食品中添加糖类
So, so I guess my only issue with the internet is that people are constantly eating junk food all the time,
所以我想我对互联网唯一的质疑就是,人们在不停地吃着垃圾食品。
It lists the protein but not the percent daily value, so you noted something interesting about the food label.
这里列出了蛋白质却没写其日摄取百分比,你注意到了食品标签里一个有趣的现象
And there are ways to prepare these, this kind of thinking more along the food science idea.
而让它们可以食用的处理方法是存在的,可见食品科学是多么有意义。
It's across the street from the Park Slope Food Co-op, which is like, it's been there for 40 years, and
它在斜坡公园的食品供销社对面,好像有四十多年的历史了,而且
Men and women both said, in pretty high numbers, that they were eating more junk food then they should.
不论男女,很大一部分人都回答,他们确实摄入了过量的垃圾食品
When you look at a food label like this, first it shows you the number of servings on containers.
这是一个食品标签的样例,首先可以了解到整个包装内所含食物份数
There are people in the world who do eat cockroaches, and they would consider that thing on the left not food.
世界上确实有吃蟑螂的人,他们认为左边图中的不是食品
If we think about what is food and what isn't food, we have to ask what are the definitions.
当我们判别何为食品时,我们得知道食物如何定义
If the food environment had evolved very slowly, as it had in earlier human history, the body would have a chance to adapt.
如果食品环境演化很缓慢,像它在人类早期历史时那样,机体就有机会去适应这样的食品环境
fancy restaurant Right, because you waste your money if you're buying these little portions of healthy food.
宰人的高档餐厅,很好,因为一旦你购买了这些量很少的,健康食品你就是在浪费金钱
Again, you probably didn't come expecting to hear about farming, but farming is where the food starts and we need to understand that world.
同样地,你们可能没听说过农业,农业是食品的起点,我们需要了解这个领域
There's also a distant psychological relationship with it because we just aren't as concerned as people used to be about where it came from.
心理上的感觉也变得疏远,我们不像以前的人那样,关心食品源自何方
It's helped some countries and hurt other countries, but it certainly has changed the food landscape.
这让某些国家获利,但却损害了另外一些国家的利益,但这显然改变了食品所能涉及的范畴
Should we create a drug that takes away the pleasure from some of these unhealthy foods?
我们能制造出一种药让人们,在吃这些垃圾食品时候的愉悦感消失吗
Now in this particular case, these animals will not overeat on the healthy balanced food and won't gain excess weight, they'll maintain a normal weight.
在这种情况下,它们并不会吃过量的健康食品,因此不会变胖,所以一直保持着标准的体重
Its effects would be next and its social construction would be next, and you guys alluded to all these in your answers to my question.
接下来,是它的功效,还有对于食品的社会观念,这些其实都已包含在你们刚才的答案中了
So those are very important political factors, but let's talk about psychology for a minute.
所以它就成了非常重要的政治因素,再来谈谈食品的心理学吧
Okay if it's 'something you can eat,' okay well that makes a cockroach food.
好的,可以食用就是食品,那蟑螂就是食品
We export food but we also export norms, we export economics of food, and a number of things that affect the world, and that comes back to affect us.
我们出口食品的同时还出口标准,我们出口的是食品经济,以及一系列对世界产生影响的东西,它们会反过来影响我们
The list of athletes that have endorsed some of the food companies or done marketing for them, so the William sisters, the great tennis players have done fast food companies.
为食品公司做代言或者,为食品公司进行营销的运动员有,威廉姆斯姐妹,著名的网球运动员,她们为快餐公司代言
One might have to do with where it's from and how it's made so that might tell us a little bit about whether something should be defined as a food.
一个是关于食品源自何处,怎么生产的,这会给我们一些参考,去判断何为食品
If a food never had trans fat in it but it gets labeled as having no trans fat, does that increase your perception of how good that food is for you?
如果某种食品不含反式脂肪酸,而上面也贴着不含反式脂肪酸的标签,它是否会提高你对这个食品的认知呢
The calorie density has changed because food is processed, so the calories in the fat and the sugar that can get squeezed into things made possible by technological changes has shifted things a lot.
食品经过加工,热量密度发生了变化,添加到食品中的脂肪和糖类,其卡路里含量可通过技术手段进行调整,进而造成很大不同
The Trans fats that we mentioned before that you can see listed over here from margarine, shortenings, deep fried foods, a lot of fast foods and baked goods have a negative impact on health as well.
之前提过的反式脂肪,你可以在人造黄油,起酥油,油炸食品以及很多快餐和烘烤食品中找到,它对身体也很不好
Because if you were unfettered by all those environmental things that make people eat different kinds of foods, most of you would probably like the high fat, high sugar foods better; most of you probably still do.
因为如果你可以不受这些环境因素影响,摆脱让人们吃各种不同的食物的外因,大部分人都会更喜欢高脂食品,或者高糖食品,你们中的大部分人可能依然如此
And so one could say that there is a very unfortunate mismatch between our biology and our evolution and the modern food environment, because biology of course takes thousands and thousands, millions of years even to change, but the food environment has changed relatively recently.
可以说,在人类的生物进化和现在的,食品环境之间存在着非常不幸的脱节,生物学上的改变要花上,成千上万年的时间,但是食品环境却可以在短时间内迅速改变
And if your body is biologically programmed to defend itself gainst famine or starvation which is what humans and animals have faced over all the centuries then you're going to seek out the energy dense food and that's why those foods taste inherently better.
在生物学角度,你的身体本身一直在,抵御饥荒和饥饿,是人和其他动物几世纪来一直面对的问题,所以你就主动寻找高能量的食品,这也是为什么这些食品比较好吃
Well the fact is it could be hundreds of foods in the American food supply, and what's noteworthy about this particular list of ingredients, is that it's fifty-six entries long; fifty-six things in this particular food and we defined it as food.
实际上,答案可以是,几百种美国食品,值得注意的是,这张配料单,居然包含了五十六种配料,这种由五十六种物质构成的东西,而我们还将它定义为食品
And we're going to talk about food and the psychology of it, the biology, and the politics, and this morning I'd like to run through what I mean by those things and what the course is going to be all about.
我们将讨论食品以及有关食品的心理学,生物学和政治学,今天早上我会讲解,这些都是什么意思,以及这门课将怎么进行
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