It is a society where the leadership for sure, and much of the non-leadership, were suspicious of reform, suspicious of change, suspicious of democracy itself.

在南方社会,无论是领导还是非领导层,都不支持革命,他们怀疑变革,怀疑民主

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

And that is exactly what the South began to see itself as, at least Southern leadership began to see itself as, as early as the 1820s and 1830s.

当时的南方就开始有那种感觉了,至少南方的领导层就开始有那种感觉了,那还是十九世纪二三十年代

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

But if there's one thing and this is a little risky because there are always holes in any claim like this but if there's one distinct feature of the Old South society and indeed its leadership and most of its people, it would be what we might label anti-modernism.

但有一点,具有一定的风险,因为任何论点中都会有漏洞,如果说旧南方社会,的领导层和大部分人民,都有一个显著的特点,那就是在我们看来,他们是反现代的

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选