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How did it get this way? Just thinking over the long run, How did France end up so centralized?
为什么会这样,从长远来看,法国为何变得如此中央集权化
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All states centralized, became larger and centralized their ability to extract resources from their population.
所有中央集权化制的国家,会变得更大,并集中所有能力,对人民敲骨吸髓
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Again, I want to say it's the because in Egypt the whole Nile Valley-- because I think of the nature of the Nile Valley-- became totally centralized, under the rule of one man, the Pharaoh, and he commanded the whole thing.
我想强调的是,由于在埃及的整个尼罗河流域,当然,我认为尼罗河流域的政权性质,是完全集权化的,法老是唯一的统治者,并且他控制着所有事物
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And, one of the reasons why the role of the dominance of Paris is so great is precisely because of the centralization of the French state.
巴黎能够取得支配地位的一个原因,恰恰就是法国政府的中央集权化
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And,even though it's decentralized, it does not mean that the State is not strong, and that the State will not be making decisions that will affect the lives of ordinary people.
而尽管进行了去中央集权化,但并不代表国家不强,或者国家做不了,影响普通人生活的决定
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Now,that has changed, for sure; but,the centralization of the French government and the domination of Paris over the life of the nation is very difficult to change, over a long period of time.
现在,情况已经发生了改变,但是法国政府的中央集权化,以及巴黎在国民生活中的支配地位,在相当时间段内,都很难得以改变
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Despite all of the--Mitterrand's plans for decentralization, and the creation of regional councils, basically France remains the most centralized state in Western Europe, and the role of Paris in French life does not have an equivalent in other European countries.
尽管密特朗计划在法国实施,去中央集权化并创立地方议会,法国基本上还是西欧,中央集权化程度最高的国家,巴黎在法国的地位是欧洲其它国家的城市,所不能比拟的
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I'm going to talk about the centralization of the French State and the question of why Paris--and that's kind of fun to talk about- and the role of Paris in centralization, and the particular role of Paris in French economic, political, social and cultural life.
一是讲法国政府的集权化统治,还有巴黎为什么 谈论这个很有意思,巴黎在中央集权政府中的地位,以及其在法国经济,社会,文化领域中的地位
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