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And the first thing you do is ask is it an instance of some problem that other people have already solved?
而且你以前从没碰过这个问题,你首先要做的一件事就是问问自己,这是不是一个别人已经解决了的问题？
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OK, important -- if you are part of this group here think about it and make sure you understand that.
好的，这很重要，如果刚才你选了可逆过程,请好好想想并且保证已经理解了这个问题。
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The process of doing those three things will have allowed you to already have thought quite a bit about these novels.
在你做这三项的过程中,你已经思考了关于这些小说的一些问题。
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Long before Milton had begun to tackle the problem, Christians had for centuries, for millennia, puzzled over the logical inconsistency between these two concepts.
早在弥尔顿应对这个问题之前，基督教徒们就已经花了成百上千年，为这两个概念之间逻辑上的前后矛盾感到困惑。
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So what we see here is an example of something very important and quite general.
因此我们现在已经看了,一个非常重要而且很普遍的问题。
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We need to think about solutions to this, right from the start of the class, and we already talked about something.
从一上课开始,我们就应该开始,思考这些问题解决方案,现在我们已经谈论了一些了
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If you have a piece of scrap paper with you, suppose that you've started your program as follows.
如果你有一张废弃的纸张，假如你已经开始了以下的问题。
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Now, moral feeling is what we'll start off with and we've already discussed this in a different context.
好了，道德情感,是我们首先要讲的一个方面,我们已经讨论过这个问题了,在之前的课堂上。
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All of these with our own incredible drive to use the death penalty even when it's been recognized to have racist implications in our country.
这些问题的存在,还有实施死刑的行为，尽管我们已经意识到,在美国，某些死刑的执行暗示了种族歧视。
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Now, it seems to me we can eliminate that a little bit by comparing it with various modern approaches to the same sorts of problems.
如今,在死亡的问题上,我们已经通过,与现代多种同类方法和问题的对比,解决一些了
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All right. So I suppose in the time remaining and, alas, there isn't a lot of it we'd better ask what "language" is. We've talked about it.
好，我想在剩下的时间里，天啊，时间不多了,我们最好来说说什么是语言，我们已经谈论过这个问题。
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Now, in the posing the question that way, I've been assuming that these are things you'd do despite the fact that they run the risk of death.
现在，以这种方式提出了这个问题，我已经假设了存在尽管带有死亡的风险,但你仍会去做的事情。
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In one of their most famous examples, they asked people the following question: Suppose you had bought expensive tickets to a concert, very expensive, you paid $200 for each ticket.
在他们其中一项极其著名的案例中，他们询问了人们如下的问题：,假设你已经买了几张昂贵的音乐会票，昂贵之极，每张票价值200美元。
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As I said at the beginning, in the philosophical literature, this has become known as the problem of dirty hands so named after a famous play written by the French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre.
正如我一开始所说的，在哲学作品中,这已经作为脏手问题而闻名,自从法国哲学家萨特写下,一部非常有名的戏剧之后。
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It is going on for many years actually from the time of operation providr comfort with which I was involved in Northern Iraq when we realised that we would have civilian problems we need to develope civilian capacity to deal with these things.
这种状况已经持续了很多年了,从一开始在阿富汗北部,我参与的提供安慰行动,那时候我们就意识到我们缺少平民,我们需要更多的平民来解决这些问题。
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We talk in terms of high pitch and low pitch although we'll fine tune that next time, and then we have this idea of duration or time, which we tend to write out in symbols that move from your left to right.
我们是从高低方面来谈论音高,即使我们将于下次讲解曲调的问题,我们已经有了音符时值或时间的概念,我们倾向于用符号来表示,时间是从你的左边向右边移动的
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So, with these questions in mind, I want you think about how we can see the novel and how we can think about it in the face of the interpretation that's already layered on to it.
所以，带着这些问题，我想让你们想一下,在已经有解释的情况下,我们应该如何去看,如何去思考这部小说？
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If you can figure out why fails on three letters instead of 12, you'll be more than half way to solving the problem.
如果你能明白为什么程序,在输入三个字母的单词的时候没法运行,你就已经解决了问题的一半了。
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And although some psychologists and philosophers think they've solved it, most of us are a lot more skeptical.
尽管一些心理学家和哲学家认为,他们已经解决了这个问题,但大多数仍持有怀疑的态度
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Now, I know I'm answering your question I think in a better way, but it's actually very rare.
我想我现在已经很好的回答了你的问题,不过这种情实际上是非常罕见的
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So given all of the controversies raging around the question of the proper government of the church, and Milton is deeply invested in these matters, Milton feels obliged to do something.
因此考虑到对应当来领导教会的适当政府的问题,所引发的相当争议，弥尔顿已经深深的陷在这些事务里，无法脱身了，他觉得自己需要做些什么。
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I have sorted with the smaller problem 1 because that smaller problem right now is of size 1 and so it's sort of obviously the case that this cup is now sorted.
对这个较小的问题我已经排好序了,因为在这个小问题中只有1个元素1,那么很明显,这个杯子已经是有序的了。
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What you're much better at doing is saying how do I take the problem I've got and map it into a class of algorithms about which I know and use the efficiencies of those to try and figure out how to make it work.
当你碰到问题的时候,更好的方法是把遇到的问题映射,到已经设计好的算法中去,并用这些算法来提高效率,来保证问题得到解决。
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Now, the strategy here is pretty clear. As often is for the continuous problem. What's the strategy? I pour in the gold till I run out of gold.
现在我们的战略已经很明显了,对连续性问题战略是怎么样的？,我先把所有金子,装进去。
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Boy, there's a dumb question, because I've been telling you n log n for the last two lectures the complexity is n log n, but let's see if it really is.
孩子们，这是一个愚蠢的问题，因为前两节课的时候我就已经告诉你们了,复杂度是,但是让我们来看一下是不是真的是这样。
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That's an important observation, and as we get to the part of the course we talk about computational complexity, you'll see that what we really care about is not how efficient the program is on easy problems but how efficient it is on hard problems.
我们已经学习了这门课程的一部分了，我们要开始认识到,计算的复杂度这个概念，你会学习到我们在乎的并不是,算法在简单问题上的工作效率,而是解决复杂问题的效率。
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So here is one of the interesting takeaways, a char, we've already spoiled this answer, takes up how many bits.
关于char还有一个重点：一个char占据多大内存，这个问题我们已经翻来覆去说了好多遍了。
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this thing is a heavily international problem.
这已经是严重的全球性问题
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While China is going to continue to buy things, it doesn't mean they're going to buy them from us necessarily even though the dollar has gone down a great deal Student: Thank you. This is my last question.
虽然中国还将会继续购买原产品,但那并不意味着他们必须得从我们这买,即使美元已经,大幅度地贬值了,学生：谢谢，这是我最后一个问题。
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Odds are if you're an upperclassman, you've had that experience where it's 12 AM, 1 AM, 2 AM, and you're really starting to stress over the incompletion of some problems that for some course, well frankly what this mechanism allows you to do if you're already 90 percent of the way there, you can call it a night and you can put it down and you could feel good nonetheless about where you got to.
对于上游的同学可能觉得无趣，因为他已经具备了这些经验，这时应该开始关注某些课程中,问题的不完整的部分，如果你已经学会了,里面90%的知识，你可以停工,或者把这门课扔到一边。
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