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And when you have an optimal substructure and the local solutions overlap, that's when you can bring dynamic programming to bear.
当你得到一个最优子结构,但局部解决方案有重跌时，你就可以引入动态编程,来解决这个问题了。
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That didn't work. Well they couldn't figure out what was wrong. And they spent a long time trying to debug the program.
调试这个程序,那时候当然不叫调试了,然后他们发现了问题。
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Using the example of Star Trek, Steven Pinker, in his book How the Mind Works, nicely illustrates the problem here.
用星际迷航举例，史蒂芬，朋克，在中，精细地列出了问题。
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That's a little bit like the case we worried about when we started thinking about the soul view,right?
这就有点像我们刚开始研究灵魂观点时,担心的问题了，对吧？
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Well, some examples, later on in history there's a quarrel between Athens and Megara as to who controls the island of Salamis.
好,再举几个例子,后来雅典和麦加拉间,就谁统治萨拉弥斯岛的问题起了争端
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There are problem in that a horse must be treated when we study rigid bodies.
当我们学习刚体的时候,把马看做什么就是个问题了
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Much more from Plato. So again it raises the issue, if you want to know most about the most influential aspects for Western civilization, would it be better for you to take an entire semester on Plato than it would on the New Testament?
源自柏拉图，所以又回到这个问题上了，如果你想了解,西方文明最有影响力的方方面面，那是不是参加有关柏拉图课程,比新约课程更有用呢？
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Because I thought about it a lot Welles chose that word I guess obviously that frame was a happy picture ? In the word? Why that word?
因为我对这个问题想了很多,为什么威尔斯要选择这个词,我觉得很明显，这个镜头是幸福的,词内涵的深意？还是为什么选这个词？
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And now this may lead to the key questions.
现在要引出关键问题了。
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Aristotle raises the question a very important question whether the rule of law is to be referred to the rule of the best the best individual.
亚里士多德提出了问题,一个很重要的问题,法治是否应与最优统治者,最优的个体产生连结。
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You see what the problem was: the mortgages were too short.
你看到问题了吧,抵押贷款期限太短了
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And so this begs the question, even in the context of these cups, how can we possibly do better if at the end of the day in order to figure out if two cups or if two people or if two ints inside of an array are bigger or smaller than one another it feels like we have to do this comparison work anyway.
这样就回避了问题的实质,从这些杯子的相互关系来看，我们怎样才能更有效地,找出序列中比其他元素,都大或都小的两个杯子，两个人，两个数,看起来我们无论如何都得,做比较的工作。
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All right. Let's listen a little bit more to the Musorgsky and then we're going to go on, just a bit more to the next excerpt, and here's my question for you.
好,咱们来继续听听穆索尔斯基,然后我们继续下去,到下一个选段,这里就有个问题了
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So that's going to be the end of the exam 1 material, and then we'll move on to exam 2 material, which is kind of exciting, because we've been talking about just individual atoms and ions up to this point, and now we can talk about molecules, so we're going to start talking about bonding.
到此为止就是第一次考试的内容，接下来我们会开始讲第二次考试的内容，这些内容令人有点兴奋，因为我们一直都只是在讨论单个的原子,和离子到目前为止，而现在我们可以讨论分子了，要开始讨论成键的问题了。
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That basically fixed things.
就解决问题了
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.. And I begin by remembering... this is the way I begin most of my economic thoughts ...a conversation I had with Milton Friedman And Milton started with the position, first of all, what he wanted to do was decrease government spending.
我记得。,我习惯这么思考经济问题了,我记得曾和米尔顿·弗里德曼谈过一次话,刚开始，米尔顿的立场是，有一点先说明，他其实是希望,政府削减财政支出的。
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So controlling the dose is really important and that's going to turn out to be very important in cancer therapy because these are very potent drugs that will have bad effects in other sites and you want to localize them where they want, so we're going to talk about that.
控制药物剂量非常重要,特别是在癌症的治疗当中,这一点尤为重要,因为这些药物效力强大,会对其他部位产生不良影响,你不能使药物扩散到别的组织,这就是我们要讲的问题了
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And so what you want to do and again we'll come back to this later in the term, is something called regression testing.
却又出问题了,然后你想怎么办呢？,我们会在这学期晚些时候,讨论这个被称为回归测试的东西。
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So, let's think about it, and let's think about what we're actually doing when we solve this.
确实更有效率的解决了问题,好，接下来让我们来想想,看我们实际上是怎么来解决这种问题的。
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If it were just a little bit different I could say, all right, I have a different approximation. But when it's this different, something is wrong. Right?
但是如果仅仅有点差异的话,我可以认为没什么大问题,我得到了一个不太一样的估算，但这确实有差异，出问题了对不对？
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If you can figure out why fails on three letters instead of 12, you'll be more than half way to solving the problem.
如果你能明白为什么程序,在输入三个字母的单词的时候没法运行,你就已经解决了问题的一半了。
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We might or might not have time to come back to that But more generally, the point is, that each stock actually behaves a little bit differently.
我们可能没有时间讲这些问题了,但是一般来说，这里的问题是，每一只股票的表现,都是不一样的。
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Now, moral feeling is what we'll start off with and we've already discussed this in a different context.
好了，道德情感,是我们首先要讲的一个方面,我们已经讨论过这个问题了,在之前的课堂上。
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Or a subset with the maximum value, there may be more than one, and you're done.
或者是有最大值的子问题集，可能不只一个子问题符合条件，然后就解决问题了。
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I'm actually going to skip over this for reasons of time and just go to some examples of the unconscious in modern psychology.
由于时间的关系我就不讲这个问题了,直接给大家举一些,现代心理学中的无意识的例子。
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What I want you to see is, because I've got two versions of that problem.
我展开一次得到了问题的两个版本，然后接下来是四次。
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If he can convience us that the soul is not like harmony of the body, maybe there will be some sort of problem for the physicalist.
因为如果他能说服我们,灵魂不像是身体的和声,那么就会给物理学家留下些问题了。
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One of the reasons for thinking it's not clear whether the argument fails or not is because it's hard to pin down, where exactly did it go wrong?
并不能确定这个论证是否成立,的其中一个原因就是,我们很难确定,到底是哪里出了问题
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They're not connected to each other in the right way.
他们之间的连接方式出了问题
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Then it basically stopped.
然后他们就不明白哪里出问题了。
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