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And we can actually better visualize this if we plot how that energy changes as a function of internuclear distance.
而我们就能更清楚地看到这些，如果我们画出,能量随核间距的变化曲线。
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So, when we think about a bond length, this is going to be the length of our bond here, that makes sense because it's going to want to be at that distance that minimizes the energy.
因此，当我们考虑一个键的长度的时候，这就应该是我们的键长，这是合理的,因为体系会在核间距达到这一距离时,能量到达最小值。
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Interatomic spacing is also on the order of about an angstrom.
原子内部间距,差不多也是一埃。
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But how they divide up this sonic space within the octave can vary rather considerably.
但他们在八度内划分声音间距的方法,却是极为不同的
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I want to plot energy in the system as a function of interatomic spacing.
我想把这个系统中的能量,按照原子间距来划分。
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OK, so R minimum, the minimum separation occurs when the energy is at its minimum.
好的，所以R处是最小值，间距最小值出现在,当能量为最小的时候。
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So, for example, if I have a sodium ion over here, and I have a chloride ion over here, where the distance from center to center r I'm denoting as r, this is nucleus to nucleus separation.
所以，比如这有一个钠离子，和一个氯离子，它们中心与中心间的距离,我把它设为，这是原子核和原子和的间距。
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So, if we look at this graph where what we're charting is the internuclear distance, so the distance between these two hydrogen atoms, as a function of energy, -- what we are going to see is a curve that looks like this -- this is the general curve that you'll see for any covalent bond, and we'll explain where that comes from in a minute.
因此，如果我们来看一看这幅曲线图,这里我们画的横坐标是核间距，也就是这两个氢原子之间的距离，纵坐标是能量，我们看到的这是能量关于核间距的曲线-,这是一条普遍的曲线，在研究任何共价键时你都会遇到，我们马上就会解释一下它是怎么来的。
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Atomic spacing.
原子间距。
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If you allow a little bit of spacing, a little more space between your frequencies, they're a little bit farther apart, then you can move from closeness plays to spacing and you get the consonance.
如果让频率间有点间隔,给频率间多一点空间,让它们彼此远离一些,从密集的音高,转向有间距的音程,就能得到和谐音
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When we're talking about r for internuclear distance, we're talking about the distance between two different nuclei in a bond, in a covalent bond.
当我们说，r，代表的是核间距的时候，我们讨论的是一个距离,在一个键--一个共价键的两端的原子核之间的距离。
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So, the x axis is interatomic spacing, and the y axis is energy.
所以x轴是原子间距，而y轴是能量值。
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And when I say internuclear distance, we actually call this r here.
而当我说核间距的时候这里，我们其实还是用，r，来表示它。
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And this equilibrium spacing is denoted r sub zero or r naught.
这个平衡间距,用r下标0或者r圈表示。
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So, not only did Professor Sayer, who's in the Chemistry Department who put together this contraption for all of you, not only did she magnify the size of these gold nuclei, but she actually had to smoosh all of these atoms closer together then they normally would be.
化学系的Sayer教授把这些玩意放到一起，她不仅把金原子核的,尺寸放大了,还把原子核的间距压缩了,事实上，如果原子核的尺寸有这么大,我们需要另一个大教室，放这个原子核。
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They took a crystal, this is a single crystal of nickel that has regular planes of atoms, and those planes are spaced on the order of an angstrom or less apart, and they irradiated this with x-rays.
他们取了个晶体,一个具有规则原子平面的，镍晶体,这些面间距差不多也是一埃或者更少，它们放射出X射线。
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