Now of course, the presbyters had seized control in the first place because they disapproved of the tactics of suppression and intervention that had been deployed by the bishops, or the prelates, of the old church.

当然，现在长老首先掌握了控制权,因为他们对旧教会主教和教士的,镇压和干预策略非常反对。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

those church officials essentially appointed by Archbishop William Laud, were replaced in the early 1640s by means of the success of the Puritan revolutionaries and were replaced by presbyters: ministers who were chosen by individual congregations.

那些教会的要员本质上都是罗得主教任命的，他在17世纪40年代被清教的革命者和,长老所取代：,就是被每个教会的会众选出的教会的牧师。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

You'll note -- and there's no reason you need to read more of this, but the Hughe edition only includes a small portion of the actual pamphlet So this treatise as a whole is Milton's defense of these six Presbyterian ministers who wrote a treatise criticizing the authoritarian structure of the English church.

你们会注意到，没有理由你们要读更多这些内容，但休斯版只选录了小册子的一部分,所以这个论文整体来说就是,弥尔顿对五个长老部长的辩护,回击一篇批判英国教会的独裁机构的论文。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选