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So either a potassium cyanide or sodium cyanide, these are used in synthesis in terms of making carbon-carbon bonds.
因此无论是氰化钾还是氰化钠，都被用来在合成过程中,制造碳碳键。
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So it doesn't matter how big the dictionary is, you can instantaneously retrieve the value associated with the key. Extremely powerful.
因为你可以在线性时间，内得到想要的键对应的值,这太强大了。
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So in addition to having these two carbon bonds, we actually also have four carbon hydrogen bonds in addition to our carbon-carbon bonds.
在这碳碳之间的键以外，我们还有四个碳氢键,除了我们的碳碳键外。
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The center of excess negative charge on all of the dipoles is at the very center of the molecule.
多出来的键,的负电荷中心都集中在,分子的正中间。
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And if you've never used those, they're usually above your Return key.
如果你从来没用过这些竖线，它们在,回车键的上面。
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As you can see, there are a lot of keys in it.
正如你们所见,在它身上有很多音键
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So the point is, this balance between energy thatyou could think of as say bond energies in chemical reactions, and entropy that you can think of in terms of disorder, how many different possible combinations or configurations of something wrong, will dictate where the equilibrium lies.
关键在于，这种能量与熵之间的平衡,确定了平衡的条件，在化学中能量涉及键能，而熵和无序有关,即有多少可能的不同组合或者形位，二者的平衡会告诉我们平衡态是什么样子。
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And if we put that in our bond here, we have 1, 2, 3 bonds, plus we have one lone pair left over.
如果我们把它们放到键里，我们有1，2，3个键，还剩下一对孤对在这里。
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we know that h is always terminal, right after the molecule that it's attached to.
我们知道氢原子永远都在末端，放到和它成键的分子的后面。
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It's going to be a stronger bond because it's more stabilized when it when it comes together as a molecule.
这将是一个更强的键，因为它会变得更加稳定,在形成分子之后。
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I've got two states here, three states here, two here, I need four, and if I can come up with these bonds, four, by the Hund rule I'd fill them like this.
我们已经有2个状态在这里，3个在这里，2个在这里，我需要4个，如果我能想到这些键，四个，通过洪特规则，我们就能像这样排布。
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So, somewhere in between, the bonds are, we have a range of bonds between ionic on the one hand, and perfectly covalent on the other hand.
因此在中间，这些键，一方面是离子性，另一方面是完美的共价键。
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Dictionaries are implemented using a magic technique called hashing, which we'll look at a little bit later in the term, which allows us to retrieve keys in constant time.
散列法的内容,此方法可以让我们在线性,时间内检索到键,因此字典的大小并不重要了。
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So I'm hitting the up arrow right now.
所以现在我在敲右箭头键。
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And this will become more and more clear as we actually talk about these reactions and talk about bonding.
而这将会变得越来越清楚,在我们讨论这些反应以及讨论成键的过程中。
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There's absolutely no reason I couldn't have switched it around and said that instead the pi orbitals form between these atoms instead of those first atoms I showed.
我完全没有理由,不能把它转过来,现在π键在这些原子间,而不是我开始展示的那些原子间。
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So even though we see a nodal plane down the center, I just want to really point out that it's only when we have a nodal plane in the internuclear or the bond axis that we're calling that a pi orbital.
虽然在中间有个节面，我想要指出的是,只有节面在核间轴,或者键轴上时,我们才叫它π轨道。
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All right, so we can now see a little bit of what the power of molecular orbital theory is in predicting what kind of bonds we're going to see in molecules, or whether or not we'll see this bonding occur at all.
好了，我们已经可以看到一点,分子轨道理论在预测分子中,所成的键或者分子，能不能成键方面的能力了。
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Remember, that's going to become important when we talk about bonding, we don't need to worry about it too much right now.
记住，这在我们讨论到,成键的时候很重要，现在你们还不用太多的考虑它。
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And to do this we're going to introduce valence bond theory, and the idea of hybridization of orbitals.
在这之前我们要引入价电子成键理论，和杂化轨道的概念。
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In valence bond theory, the focus is on discussing the bonds, but it should look very familiar to you, because there's two types of bonds that we want to discuss here.
在价电子成键理论中，所关注的是讨论成键，但这对于你们来说应该很熟悉，因为这是我们要讨论的两种键。
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Now we have 6 things around the nitrogen, and we have 8 around the carbon.
现在我们有六个成键电子在氮周围，有八个在碳周围。
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So, we can think about now how do we describe this bond in valence bond theory.
我们现在可以考虑,怎么在价电子成键理论中描述这个键。
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And a sigma bond forms any time you have two orbitals coming together and interacting on that internuclear axis.
当你把两个轨道合在一起,并在核间轴上有相互作用时,就形成了sigma键。
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It's much more relevant to set our zero point energy as the separation of a bond in terms of talking about the reactions that we'll usually be dealing with here.
更好的是把零点能定在,键断裂的时刻,在讨论化学反应的时候,而我们以后将经常遇到化学反应。
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You might have thought before we started talking about molecular orbital theory that non-bonding was the opposite of bonding, it's not, anti-bonding is the opposite of bonding, and anti-bonding is not non-bonding.
你也许在我们讨论分子轨道之前,就想过非成键时成键的反面，它不是，反键才是成键的反面，反键不是非成键。
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So, when we think about a bond length, this is going to be the length of our bond here, that makes sense because it's going to want to be at that distance that minimizes the energy.
因此，当我们考虑一个键的长度的时候，这就应该是我们的键长，这是合理的,因为体系会在核间距达到这一距离时,能量到达最小值。
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And the reason we didn't do that is because we're actually going to spend much of the rest of the course relating these different properties to the properties of molecules in terms of bonding, and also in terms of chemical reactions.
我们至今没有这样做的原因是,实际上我们这门课程以后的大部分时间都将花在,如何将这些性质与分子的性质联系起来,在成键以及化学反应的方面。
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Clearly, we put 2 for each bond, and now we end up having 2 remaining bonding electrons left.
显然，我们在每个键处放上两个电子，那么最后我们还剩下两个成键电子。
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And we know that it's electron density between the nuclei that holds two atoms together in a bond.
我们知道是两个原子核之间的,电子密度保持两个原子在一起成键的。
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