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But I was not worried because I still have more than half of the cash in my bank account.
但我并不担心,因为公司的银行账户上还有60多万美元。
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He anticipated this power much as his father, a reasonably well-to-do banker, might have anticipated long-term earnings from a particularly risky business venture.
他预测到他的力量，正如他的父亲，一个相当富有的银行家，能够预测到从一笔风险高的生意中,能获得多少长期利益一样。
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Instead of having a central bank we decided that there would be a list of banks called the National Banks.
与拥有一个中央银行不同的是,我们决定将很多银行归到,国家银行的行列中。
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Prior to the bailout money for the banks, the banks were lending a certain amount, after the bailout money, the banks were lending less.
在拯救银行的措施实施之前，银行在贷款，而救市之后，银行价款量反而少了。
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I'm just going to mention some other stories that are important, just to illustrate the fragility of the banking system.
我还要讲一些其他,比较重要的事件,以此来证明银行体系的脆弱
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The idea was that this is better it's more democratic; each region of the United States has its own bank.
核心理念是这样会更好，这样更民主；,美国的每一个地区都有它自己的银行。
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TAF The Term Auction Facility or TAF was created by the Federal Reserve under Bernanke on December 12th.
货币短期拍卖-或者说,是于十二月十二日,由伯南克领导的联邦储备银行发明的。
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In fact they decide on how to set interest rates and borrowing requirements for member banks.
事实上，他们决定如何制定利率,和会员银行的法定准备金率。
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Basel 1988 was an effort to make sophisticated risk management requirements for banks that relied on more modern, as of 1988, financial theory.
988年的巴塞尔协议就是致力于,在当时最新的金融理论基础之上,建立成熟完善的银行风险管理制度
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I want to first just go back the story I told you in a recent lecture was the story of a goldsmith banker.
我想先回顾一下,在最近的一个讲座中我告诉你们的,一个关于金匠银行家的故事。
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This leads us to what is called relationship banking -or it's really all banking is, relationship banking.
这就引出了所谓关系型银行业务,其实这也就是银行业务的全部所在
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The Bank of England has been providing an example for the world for a long time.
英格兰银行一直在很长时间内,为世界各地的银行提供了例子。
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The SIV really was a liability but it wasn't visible to investors investing in the bank.
结构投资公司本身就是债务,但银行的投资者们并不了解这点
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So, this was a German bank doing exactly the same thing and it became insolvent and the German Government had to come to its rescue.
德国的这家银行也犯了同样的错误,导致最终破产,德国政府不得不出资援助
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So, there was a savings bank movement, which spread from the U.K. To the U.S. in the nineteenth century and it was a philanthropic movement.
于是便有了一场储蓄银行的运动,这股风在19世纪从英国刮到了美国,这也是一场博爱运动
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Because the Bank of England could then demand all the it could start accumulating notes from some issuing bank and then demand payment in gold.
因为英格兰银行那时可以,要求所有的，它可以开始从一些纸币发行银行,收集些发行的纸币之后再要求以金子的形式偿还。
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There are different kinds of banks today -I'm going to jump to modern times.
今天则有不同形式的银行出现,我直接跳到现代的部分讲解
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You see what the Bank of England emerged into was a banker's bank.
现在你明白了，英格兰银行,是以一个银行主的银行角色出现的。
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So the Bank of England then became a kind of regulator of these banks and it would also loan to them when they were in trouble.
所以，英格兰银行当时,成为了众多银行的管制者,并且在它们陷入危机时,向它们发放贷款。
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The banker knows everybody in the community and when you're playing golf with the banker, it may go beyond just collecting information; the banker might have positive suggestions.
银行家认识圈里的所有人,当你在和他一起打高尔夫的时候,不仅仅能获取资讯,还可能会从银行家那获得建设性的建议
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As a result, people invest in banks -the stock of banks -because they understand that these people have a long-term relationship with business and they are immune from the adverse selection.
结果呢,人们就会投资于银行,即购买银行的股票,因为他们知道,银行家和企业界保持着长期的关系,他们可以免受逆向选择之害
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With a fractional reserve system you're in an unstable equilibrium.
伴随着部分准备金银行制度,英国的银行业处于一个不平稳的均衡中。
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Now what actually developed in the 1700s was that the Bank of England being the most powerful bank in England started to demand that other banks in the U.K.
现在，真正在18世纪发展的是,英格兰银行,这个在英格兰最有权力影响的银行,开始要求英国其他那些。
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Troubled banks then who have this the problem banks have now is they have these securitized mortgages that they've bought and the homeowners are defaulting on the mortgages now.
于是出于困境中的银行,现在银行的问题在于,他们持有自己买的,证券化按揭贷款,而房屋持有者却,对抵押借款拖欠。
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Other countries had set up central banks following on the Bank of England but the U.S. didn't set up a central bank; it set up a system of twelve banks and they were regional.
其他国家依照英格兰银行,建立了自己的中央银行,但是美国没有设立自己的中央银行；,美国建立了十二个银行的系统,并且这些银行是区域性的。
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In other words, the banks were like customers of the Bank of England; they had to keep deposits there and the Bank of England watched them to make sure that they were behaving responsibly and had authority over them because it had market power.
换句话说，其他银行在英国就像是英国银行的客户;,其他银行不得不把钱存放在英国银行那,英国银行业负责监管着,其他银行的商业行为,也指挥着其他银行,因为英国银行有着控制市场的力量。
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The optimistic thing is I think that we have a very good Fed chairman and we have coordinated efforts by central banks around the world and we're doing things that are attempts to prevent the collapse of the financial institutions.
积极的方面在于,我认为我们有一个很优秀的美联储主席,并且我们有世界各地的中央银行,协调的努力,而且我们正做着试图,阻止金融机构崩溃的事情。
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What they want to do is expand the actions of the Fed, so that they're not--you can describe the Federal Reserve or any central bank, traditionally, as a banker's bank the Bank of England was the first central bank and it made banks keep deposits at the Bank of England.
他们想做的是扩大政府对经济的调控范围，这样政府就能将联邦储蓄,或者其他中央银行变成银行的银行,英国银行是第一个中央银行,他使其他银行将钱存放在它这里。
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It's a very important industry and it's also one in which many of our students have found jobs, so I think it's important for us to try to understand the history of investment banks, the role they have in our financial community, and how they're regulated.
投资银行是一个非常重要的行业,我们许多学生都在投资银行工作,我们需要,了解投资银行的历史,在我们金融业扮演的角色,以及人们如何监管投资银行
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So, it really is -it really ought to be on the bank's balance sheet and it ought to be regulated by the bank regulators, but there was a failure to do that and that is the problem that we are in currently.
所以说,它确实该...,它应该反映在银行的资产负债表上,同时接受银行监管体系的管理,但这却没能实现,这就是我们目前面临的问题
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