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That's a lot less than the amount of money out there but they always had fractional reserve of banking anyway.
这比流通的金钱少的多,但是他们总是有部分准备金银行制度。
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In fact they decide on how to set interest rates and borrowing requirements for member banks.
事实上，他们决定如何制定利率,和会员银行的法定准备金率。
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One of the things that the Federal Reserve does is it sets reserve requirements for banks.
一个联邦储备银行做的事是,它给银行设定了法定准备金率。
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Small banks have lower reserve requirements but it rapidly gets up to a standard.
小银行有低一些的法定准备金率,但是这个比率快速的上升到一个新的标准。
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So, banks are natural and fractional reserve banking is the natural thing to do.
所以银行的产生是很自然的,而部分准备金制度也是自然产生的
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What we have--we have a problem that there can be a systemic problem to fractional reserve banking if there is ever a run on the banking system.
我们面临着一个问题,如果出现银行挤兑,部分准备金制度会,导致系统性的问题
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With a fractional reserve system you're in an unstable equilibrium.
伴随着部分准备金银行制度,英国的银行业处于一个不平稳的均衡中。
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The question is: how much reserves should a bank hold?
问题是,银行该留存多少作为准备金呢
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The reserve requirement now is 10% 10% on demand deposits so they're forced to keep those reserves and much of that is in the form of deposits at the Federal Reserve Banks.
现在的法定准备金率%,在活期存款上是,所以它们被强迫持有这些准备金,并且一大部分是在联邦储备银行,存着的。
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So the Bank of England effectively enforced that the banks in England kept adequate reserves and they would see some of these reserves in the deposits at the Bank of England.
所以，英格兰银行有效率地强制执行了,这种制度-英国的银行保有足够的准备金,并且他们将在向英格兰银行付的保证金里,看到准备金其中的一部分。
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The issuing bank would be driven out of business if it didn't. They all were using fractional reserve banking so if you have a big player that's demanding gold from you you're in trouble.
发行纸币的银行将会被驱逐出银行业,如果它不这么做，它们都采取,部分准备金银行制度，所以如果你有一个对手,一直向你索求金子，你会陷入大麻烦的。
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Reserve requirements are like what the Bank of England did or the Suffolk Bank did long ago.
法定准备金率就像,英格兰银行做的那样,或是Suffolk银行之前做的一样。
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