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A commercial bank, like a goldsmith banker, accepts deposits--that's critical -and that means you can put money in the bank.
商业银行,就像是一个金匠银行家,接受存款,这一点非常关键,就是说你可以把你的钱放到银行里
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I'm not talking about investment banks in this lecture -I'm talking about commercial banks, which accept deposits from depositors.
这节课不讲投资银行,只讲商业银行,商业银行从储户那里吸收存款
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Prior to the bailout money for the banks, the banks were lending a certain amount, after the bailout money, the banks were lending less.
在拯救银行的措施实施之前，银行在贷款，而救市之后，银行价款量反而少了。
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You've got these warehouses along the canals and here's where the bankers-- the Dutch had the most, along with the English, had sophisticated banking system in the world.
你已经见过了这些运河旁的仓库了,这些银行家们,大部分来自于荷兰,同时也来自英国,他们拥有世界上最复杂的的银行系统
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Instead of having a central bank we decided that there would be a list of banks called the National Banks.
与拥有一个中央银行不同的是,我们决定将很多银行归到,国家银行的行列中。
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It was granted a monopoly on joint stock banking by Parliament in return for giving war loans to the government.
作为向政府给予战争贷款的交换,英格兰银行被英国国会授予,成为股份制银行的垄断者。
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It did it through banks; they gave the money to banks to make loans to people who were in trouble.
贷款还是通过银行发放,他们把钱给银行,然后由银行向有困难的人放贷
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They would say oh they print paper money private banks print paper money " not just government banks.
他们会说：“哦，银行印制钞票,私有银行印制纸币,不仅仅是政府银行在印。
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The central banks still exist so you still have the Bank of France the Deutsche Bundesbank etc.
中央银行仍然存在,所以我们现在仍然有法国银行,德意志银行等等。
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the Bank of England would say you've got to keep a deposit with us " otherwise we'll destroy you.
英格兰银行将会对你说,“你得在我们银行付保证金,不然我们将毁灭你。
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These are organizations that act like banks but are not called banks because they are not technically banks, so they escape regulation.
这些组织像银行一样运作,但它们不叫银行,因为从技术来讲,它们并不是银行,这使他们得以逃避监管
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I think maybe the concluding lesson the central banks were institutions that emerged out of experience with bankers.
新工具的迅速扩散,我认为也许结论就是,中央银行是银行主。
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Well, the Fed is like that now, but what Paulson and Nason wanted to do is make it more than a banker's bank.
联邦政府现在就像英国银行一样，但是鲍尔森和内森想做的,远远不止中央银行那么点。
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In Japan in 1997 the government of Japan granted the Bank of Japan independence like the U.S. central bank.
在1997年，日本政府批准了,日本银行像美国中央银行一样拥有自主权。
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This leads us to what is called relationship banking -or it's really all banking is, relationship banking.
这就引出了所谓关系型银行业务,其实这也就是银行业务的全部所在
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Again, there was a loss of confidence in the time of an economic crisis and people wanted to withdraw their money from the banks.
此外,在经济危机时期,投资者对银行失去信心,他们希望把钱从银行取出来
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So there was a big bank run and Northern Rock would have failed if the Bank of England hadn't come by to rescue them.
从而出现挤兑狂潮,若非英格兰银行施以援手,北岩银行恐怕早就倒闭了
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The Bank of England was founded in 1694 and that was the world's first central bank.
英格兰银行成立于1694年4,并且它是世界上第一个中央银行。
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The Bank of England has been providing an example for the world for a long time.
英格兰银行一直在很长时间内,为世界各地的银行提供了例子。
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Because the Bank of England could then demand all the it could start accumulating notes from some issuing bank and then demand payment in gold.
因为英格兰银行那时可以,要求所有的，它可以开始从一些纸币发行银行,收集些发行的纸币之后再要求以金子的形式偿还。
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Bankers play golf a lot because business people like to play golf and you have to keep your finger on the pulse of the community.
银行家经常打高尔夫球,这是因为商企人士喜欢打高尔夫,而银行家需要时刻把握周边的经济脉搏
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That's a very dispersed system but it still works because member banks keep deposits at the Federal Reserve Banks and they're required to keep these deposits.
这是一个非常分散的系统,但是它还是能起到很好的作用因为会员银行,在联邦储备银行里付保证金,并且它们被要求付这些保证金。
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You see what the Bank of England emerged into was a banker's bank.
现在你明白了，英格兰银行,是以一个银行主的银行角色出现的。
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Of the savings institutions, there were only 1,500; that's probably going down further because a lot of these old savings banks are being converted into commercial banks.
至于储蓄机构,只有1500个,现在可能就更少了,因为很多这类古老的储蓄银行,都逐渐被改造成了商业银行
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Moreover they can also borrow from the Federal Reserve Banks when they're in trouble and need money and that's supposed to help prevent banking crises.
更多的是，当它们陷入困境,需要钱时可以,从联邦储备银行那里借钱,这样可以帮助阻止银行业危机的产生。
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gets only one Federal Reserve Bank that's San Francisco but Missouri gets two.
只有一个联邦储备银行,旧金山联邦储备银行但是密苏里却有两家。
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The banker knows everybody in the community and when you're playing golf with the banker, it may go beyond just collecting information; the banker might have positive suggestions.
银行家认识圈里的所有人,当你在和他一起打高尔夫的时候,不仅仅能获取资讯,还可能会从银行家那获得建设性的建议
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Northern Rock, which was a building society in the United Kingdom, had a sudden bank run in September 2007.
北岩银行,是英国的一家建屋互助会,在2007年9月突然出现银行挤兑
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There must be fundamental reasons for it and I wanted to go over some of the fundamental reasons why we have banks.
它的形成必有其根本的原因,下面我就阐述银行产生的一些基本原因,为什么会有银行
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And the central and also there are the banks from the regional banks that have a roll.
而且中央银行和地区银行,都有发挥的空间。
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