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We have theories--mathematical theories-- that lead us to devise financial structures, which are complicated devices just like engines or nuclear reactors.
金融学中的理论,数学理论,能帮助我们构造金融工具,金融工具就像发动机,或者核反应堆一样,都是复杂的工具
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So this book, Fabozzi, et al.-- Fabozzi, Modigliani, Jones and Ferri-- is a very solid book about financial markets.
所以这本由法博齐等人,包括法博齐,莫迪利亚尼,琼斯以及费里,这是一本关于金融市场的非常完备的书
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About two-thirds of those went by outright sale, by financial speculation, in now a growing huge American business of the domestic slave trade.
大约有三分之二的人都被,金融投机所买断,被投入一个日益庞大的,国内奴隶贸易的美国商业市场
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I think what we do in America whatever people might say about we're on a way up or we're on a way down, we still have vast power in team influence on what's going in this world Absolutely. -with the kind of financial and leadership role.
我认为我们在美国所做的,无论人们如何评价,我们在前进或在倒退，我们仍然拥有巨大的力量,对于世界的发展有着极大的影响,绝对是，-因为我们拥有巨大的金融实力,以及领导作用。
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But then you come to the third part of this sort of triangular absurdity, and what you get to is big financial institutions with extremely well-paid individuals, in the presumably pure free market.
接着您提到了第三方,在这个怪诞的迷局中，您提到的是,大的金融机构,他们员工本身收入极高，在人们都认为,的纯市场经济机制下。
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I guess they're elected officials and their voters are not finance theorists and don't think of this in these terms.
我想这是因为他们是当选的官员,而投票的不是金融学家,也就不会用金融术语思考和表达。
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It's just that people in finance are sometimes very successful and they could give a lot more than $100 to UNICEF.
只是从事金融行业的人们,有的时候非常成功,他们可以给联合国儿童基金会更多的钱
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With each year that goes by the concepts of finance are being applied more broadly and involving more and more people.
一年一年,随着金融概念得到广泛应用,越来越多的人开始参与金融行业
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Engineers find it congenial because they have a way of thinking constructively about the world that is kind of parallel to finance.
工程师会觉得学金融很得心应手,因为他们的思考方式,和金融学的思考方式很相似
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The only reason I believe that we have financial markets that work is because we have regulations.
之所以我相信金融市场能够,维持良好运转的唯一原因,就是金融监管的存在
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.. In the capital asset pricing model, in finance-- this is the most famous model in finance.
金融学里的资本资产定价模型-,是金融学里最有名的模型。
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Maybe they're not- Maybe they're in publishing or some other field but they understand finance and a lot of them are directly in finance.
也许他们不是...,也许一些人是从事出版业的,或是其他的行业的,但是他们都懂金融,而且他们中很多人直接从事金融业
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Instead it deals with financial institutions and it gets involved in underwriting securities for financial institutions.
投资银行的业务对象是金融机构,业务涉及,金融机构的证券包销
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This is another concept that is very basic to statistics, but it has particular use in finance, so I'll give you a financial example.
这是统计学中又一个基本概念,在金融学中广泛使用,那我就举一个金融领域的例子
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The problem with finance is that it's a beautiful -financial institutions are beautiful structures but they only are as good as the people who use them.
金融业的问题是...,金融机构的结构十分巧妙,但它们的优劣取决于从业人员
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I think it's the most important revolution in finance of the last couple decades.
我认为行为金融学是近几十年中,金融学所发生的最重要的革命
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I think we're still in a precarious situation but I think we do have central bankers who are working effectively given the tools that they have.
我认为我们仍处于一个不稳固的情形之中,但是我们也有那些,用手中的金融工具有效率地工作的,中央银行主。
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The problem is that not everyone is nice and not everyone is high-minded so financial markets--the success of financial markets is, in many ways, a success of regulation.
问题是并非所有人都是好人,并非所有人都是高尚的人,于是金融市场...,金融市场的成功,很大程度上来说,是监管制度的成功
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The market stability is going to be the Fed, the Fed's role would be broadened so that it's not just a banking regulator, it's the whole financial system.
市场的稳定将成为联邦政府的工作，政府的职责将会扩大,那么政府将不再仅仅是银行业的调控者，而变成了整个金融系统的调控者。
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Traditionally, financial inventions were not granted patent rights, but now in the United States and in a number of other countries it has become possible to patent financial inventions.
传统的金融产品,是没有专利的,但现在,在美国,和其他的一些国家中,金融产品也拥有了专利
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In the 1920s, a lot of bogus stuff was sold -a lot of people were cheated -so after the stock market crash of 1929, it led to a movement for regulation.
在上世纪20年代,很多不合规的股票流入市场,很多人受骗,所以1929年的股市大崩盘,促使政府采取了一系列加强金融监管的行动
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One is that -there's a literature in finance about options and stock price performance, which goes back ten years, that shows that something is not quite right with the way companies issue options.
其中之一是,有一部关于期权与股票价格表现,的金融文献,讲述的是十年前,关于公司发行期权的,一些不太正确的做法
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Then I want to talk in the next lecture about regulation, which means government oversight of financial markets and not just government oversight, there are also the so-called self-regulatory organizations that are created in the financial industry to self regulate.
接下来的一课,会讲到金融监管,政府对金融市场的监管,不仅仅如此,还有金融界为了,监督自身而创设的,我们称为,自我监管的组织
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Governments establish regulators who set down rules for participants in financial markets and these rules may be perceived as onerous and costly to people in the financial community, but ultimately it's their salvation and it's what makes everything possible.
政府设立监管机构,监管机构为金融市场的参与者,制定法规条令,这些规则对金融界,有着极其严格的约束,但这些规则最终使得金融界运作良好,免遭灭顶之灾
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We had a big scare in 1998; it started with the Asian financial crisis and then it spread to Russia and there was this terrible collapse in Russia in 1998, when the government couldn't pay its debts.
我们经历过最大的一次经济创伤是在1998年;,这次金融危机因亚洲金融危机而起,然后蔓延到俄罗斯,随后对俄罗斯的经济产生了极大地冲击，俄政府担负不起债务。
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So many of our financial institutions were created in the 1930s because that was a time when everything was being shaken up and it was a time when people were willing to consider something really different.
由于大萧条时期的动荡,和对人们生活的冲击,人们便愿意想一些与以往不同的东西,所以自那时之后,大量的金融衍生工具如雨后春笋般的出现了。
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It is true that we're seeing some people thrown out of their houses, in some cases, because of some rather questionable financial practices that got people into mortgages that they shouldn't have gotten into.
确实我们看到有些人,被赶出他们的房子，在有些案例中，确实是有些有问题的金融操纵,使人们背上,本不该背负的债务。
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Basically, what it did was it made it feel that people wouldn't get cheated; the SEC was a strong regulator and it really did restore confidence in the financial markets in this country.
证券交易委员会的辛勤付出,使人们感到不会受骗,证券交易委员会是一个强大的监管机构,它也重塑了,这个国家对金融市场的信心
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I think that's because there's a growing recognition that that's what you need to know and that the countries that are emerging successfully are those that have well developed financial institutions that are adopting the technology.
我认为这是因为在那里越来越多人认识到,这才是他们所急需的知识,并且那些成功崛起的国家,都拥有完善的金融机构,并且能够应用这些技术
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Let me mention a few administration economic proposals, all couched in terms of controlling cost and spurring growth, all linked in one way or another to the economic crisis that was started during the housing bust.
让我们谈谈,政府的一些经济策略，全都归于,控制成本和刺激增长的名下，全部都与,金融危机有关,都是在房产市场萧条时出台的。
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