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So, this again, takes advantage of those great unique properties of transition metals, which we'll talk about in this course.
这同样也是利用了,过渡金属的独特性质，这个我们在以后的课程里也会讲到。
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So, you might ask then well what is the significance of shooting different amounts of photons at a metal?
所以，你们可能会问向,金属发射不同数量的光子,有什么重要性？
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Mercury is a liquid metal, and mercury, the planet, is the fastest moving naked eye heavenly body. Mars, iron, why is Mars red?
水银是液态金属，水银，行星，是肉眼能看到的运动最快的天体,火星，铁，为什么火星是红色的？
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But their shields are made of wicker and they don't have that kind of metal body armor and all that stuff.
而他们的盾是用藤条做的,同时他们也没有金属装甲和其他护具
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The magnet creates a field which changes the polarity of a tiny, tiny portion of the metal particles which coat each platter's surface.
这个磁体创建一个,能改变覆盖在,磁盘表面小金属粒子的磁极。
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This device held here is really made of mainly plastic and a little bit of metal.
这个装置大部分是用塑料做的,还有一点金属
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That's like bocce. We have this sort of metal ball.
有点像室外地滚球 用这样的金属球
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Basically what he did is he took a very thin metal foil and he bombarded it with charged particles.
简单的说他做的工作是,用一张非常薄的金属箔,然后用带电的粒子轰击它。
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I showed you last day what happens when they form and we were able to electrolyze and make fantastic metals like magnesium.
昨天我讲过,当离子液体形成我们就可以使其电解,生成出神奇的金属，比如镁。
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So, the take-home message is whether you have three photons or 3,000,000 photons that you're shooting at your metal, if you're not at that minimum frequency or that minimum energy that you need, nothing is going to happen.
所以，这里表明的信息是,无论是向金属发射3个光子,还是300万个光子,如果没有达到所需的最低频率,或者最小能量,什么事情都不会发生。
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So, as these products form, they continue to fall out of the way and keep this interface open.
因此随着产物的生成,金属钛会下沉，使得界面仍然保持开放。
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So platina is like a diminutive of silver, but we now know that platinum is far superior to silver It is far more noble. It has a higher melting point, a higher chemical inertness, a fantastic metal.
所以普拉塔就像一个小小的银，但我们现在知道普拉塔比银要好很多,更为珍贵，熔点更高，化学惰性更高，是一种非常不可思议的金属。
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Either that or you are dog lovers and you are offended by giving them metallic names.
就是你们作为狗的爱好者,觉得这些金属的名字冒犯了你们。
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And this looks a lot like the average valence electron energy where the lowest values of electronegativity are in the metallic zone and the highest values of electronegativity are on the nonmetallic zone.
这看起来像是平均电子能,最低的电负性在,金属区最高的电负性在,非电子区。
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And, this is all that was known at that time, seven metals, carbon, and sulfur.
这是当时所知道的了，7种金属，碳，和硫磺。
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So, we do this here for the photoelectric effect, and in terms of the photoelectric effect, what we know the important point is that the incoming photon has to be equal or greater in energy then the work function of the metal.
所以，我们做这个是为了说明，光电效应，在光电效应方面，我们知道的最重要的事情,就是入射的光子能量必须等于,或者大于金属的功函数。
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So, one difference between photoelectron spectroscopy and, for example, the photoelectric effect is that in this case, we're not just looking at one energy level, which is what we were looking at from the surface of a metal, now we're talking about this gaseous atom.
光电子能谱与光电效应的不同点在于，以这种情况为例，我们不只关心一个能级，就像原来在金属表面那样，现在我们研究的是气体原子，所以，我们可以从原子中。
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We started with just the seven metals and carbon plus sulfur, it was the point of departure for Democritus.
我们开始讲了7种金属,还有碳和硫磺，那就是Democritus的起点。
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Liquid metal. Solid metals melt and become a liquid metal like mercury.
液态金属，固态金属熔化,形成一种像水银一样的液态金属。
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In 13th century India, they knew how to isolate metallic zinc.
在13世纪的印度，我们知道了如何提取金属锌。
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It's the lightest of the structural metals.
是最轻的结构金属。
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It's made of strong metal, it's got very thin slits to be able to see straight ahead, covered up; everything else is covered up, a good one will cover your neck as well.
头盔是坚固的金属制成,正面有一条很细的开口能让士兵看到前方,左右两边都包住,剩下所有地方都包住,好一点的头盔甚至能保护颈部
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And what he found here, which is what you can see and we can all see pretty clearly, is the slope of all of these lines is the same regardless of what the type of metal is.
他在这发现，你们也,可以很清楚的看到，不同金属直线的,斜率是相同的。
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All right. So please raise your hand now if you think there'll be sufficient energy to eject electrons from the metal surface?
好的，如果你们认为,有足够的能量从金属表面,射出电子请举手？
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I talked a lot about the exam so I don't have a lot of time left to talk about the structural metals.
我说了很多关于考试的东西,所以没多少时间,讨论结构金属。
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So, for example, we were talking about a threshold frequency as in a minimum frequency of light that you need in order to eject an electron from a metal surface.
举个例子来说，我们谈论的临界频率是,光从金属表面逐出一个电子,所需的最小频率。
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And, in some instances, they can be made to behave more nearly metallic.
而且，在一些情况下，它们能表现出更接近金属的性质。
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So, there were seven known metals at the time, and seven heavenly bodies.
所以，当时有7种已知的金属，还有7个天体。
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You start with liquid metal one, liquid metal two, you have the atom ratios proper, they mix, electron transfer occurs and poof, it is clear and colorless. Sorcery.
从液态金属一，液态金属二开始，你有合适的原子比例，混合它们，电子转移发生且被证实了，产物是透明无色的，有点辣味。
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