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This concept of introducing foreign genes, genes that are made of recombinant DNA into animals using this kind of technique is widely used in biomedical research.
这种通过基因重组,来向动物体内导入外源基因的方法,广泛应用于,各种生物医药的研究中
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The Hepatitis B vaccine I talked about before produced by recombinant DNA technologies, called Recombivax HB, that's one version of it.
我曾经提到过的通过DNA重组技术,制造的乙型肝炎疫苗,被称作重组乙型肝炎疫苗,那是该疫苗的型号之一
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We have techniques of recombinant DNA, and those can be used to produce either modified viruses, we'll talk about that.
我们拥有重组DNA技术,它可以用来生产任一种减毒病毒,这个以后会再讲
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Not every plasmid in your test tube is going to have the right gene inserted in the right way.
不是试管里的每个质粒,都会与正确的DNA片段重组
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This was an early example of recombinant DNA technology being translated into a clinical product and that's the vaccine that's widely used in practice now.
这是早期使用DNA重组技术,构建临床产品的案例,如今这种疫苗在实践中广泛使用
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What was--the vaccine you got was produced totally outside of people using recombinant DNA technology.
你们所使用的疫苗是利用完全,脱离于人体外的DNA重组技术生产的
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That's a really good question because if I open this up, why wouldn't it just reform with itself, why would it want to have this in here?
这是个很好的问题,如果我把质粒打开,为什么它不会自己合上,为什么它会与DNA片段重组呢
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Some are going to reform and some are going to reform with the gene in, and some probably aren't going to reseal at all under the conditions that I've used.
有些质粒会自己合上,有些质粒会与DNA片段重组并合上,还有的在我提供的条件下,也根本合不上
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Well, again you could use recombinant DNA technology.
你可以再次利用DNA重组技术
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They might have come from two completely different places, from two completely different species from different parts of the world, and they're put together in a new way and that's why it's called recombinant DNA.
它们也许来自两个完全不同的地方,来自世界上不同地区的两个完全不同的物种,以新的方式组合在一起,所以它被称作重组DNA
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That's why molecular biology, one of the reasons why it's turned out to be such a powerful tool, because if you can think creatively you can find all different ways to using these very simple principles to recombine molecules, to make unique new DNA sequences.
这就是分子生物学,如此有用的原因之一,因为如果你有创造力,你可以用各种方法,运用这些简单的原理来重组分子,创造独特的DNA新序列
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The answer is it will want to reform with itself, and if I have these in solution then how many reform with itself and how many reform with the molecule I'm interested probably depends on the relative concentrations of both in the solution and what conditions I have it at.
答案是质粒有可能会自己闭合,如果质粒和我感兴趣的DNA片段,都在溶液里那有多少质粒会自己合上,有多少与我感兴趣的DNA重组呢,这大概取决于两者在溶液里的相对浓度,和我让溶液处在什么条件下
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