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If both firms behave that way, prices will get driven down towards marginal cost and industry profits will suffer.
如果双方都采取这种策略,那么价格将会下降到边际成本,行业利润将会遭受损失
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Zero profits, I'll make zero profits, so that certainly is a best response, pricing at marginal cost as well.
零利润,我将没有利润,所以这确实是一个最佳对策,也定价在边际成本
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Suppose Firm 1 is pricing at marginal cost and Firm 2 is pricing at something higher, a little bit higher.
假设公司1定价在边际成本,公司2定价稍微高点,高一点点
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It doesn't really matter, as long as I don't price below it, I'm not going to make any money anyway.
这无所谓,只要不是低于边际成本,反正我也没想过盈利
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There's one other possibility here I've missed which is what if Pepsi prices at marginal cost itself?
这里还缺少一个可能性,即,如果百事定价在边际成本怎么办
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Just as last time, we're going to assume that costs are constant marginal costs.
就像上次一样,我们将假设成本是固定的边际成本
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In particular, we find that prices in the market are equal to marginal cost.
特别是,我们发现这个市场下的价格等于边际成本
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How much profits will I make if I price at marginal cost as well?
如果我定价在边际成本我能获得多少利润
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Firm 1 is pricing at marginal cost, the best response if the other guy is pricing at marginal cost is to price at marginal cost or above.
公司1定价在边际成本,针对对手定价在边际成本的最佳对策,是定价高于或等于边际成本
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So for those people who took Intro Economics, which is most of you, this is a game, this a setting in which we have constant marginal costs.
大多数学过经济学导论的同学都知道,这里的边际成本是一个常数
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Now this is marginal cost or above so this is the best response.
现在就是高于或等于边际成本,所以这是最佳对策
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Suppose Firm 1 is pricing at marginal cost is this a Nash Equilibrium?
假设公司1定价在边际成本,这是纳什均衡吗
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That's where the marginal cost and the demand thing, demand lines intersect.
应该是在边际成本,与需求曲线的交点上
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It's where the marginal revenue is equal to the marginal costs.
是边际收入等于边际成本的那点
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Pepsi's pricing exactly at marginal cost, what's my best response?
百事将价格精确地设定在边际成本,我的最佳对策是什么
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It's where the marginal cost and the demand curve intersects.
边际成本与需求曲线的交点处
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It's where marginal revenue equals marginal cost, right?
是边际收入等于边际成本那点,对吧
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The quantity where demand and marginal costs equal.
需求曲线和边际成本的交点叫什么
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I could price at marginal cost as well.
我也将价格设定在边际成本
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At the margin, I'm reaping, I'm bearing the cost for the extra unit of effort I contribute, but I'm only reaping half of the induced profits of the firm, because of profit sharing.
从边际角度分析,我承担了多付出的全部边际成本,但我却只能得到一半的边际收益,因为利润是均分的
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It's where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
是边际收益等于边际成本的那点
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What if Pepsi prices at marginal cost?
如果百事定价在边际成本怎么办
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To price at marginal cost as well.
也将价格设定在边际成本
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Price above that.
定价高于边际成本
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I won't write everything down because it's all written down on the homework assignment which is already on the web, but in fact firms are going to maximize profits, aim to maximize profits, firms are going to have constant marginal costs.
我不全写在这了因为它们都在,网上的家庭作业任务中写了,实际上公司是希望利润最大化,目的是利润最大化,公司有固定的边际成本
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At C okay, so the Nash Equilibrium here, the Nash Equilibrium is for both firms to set their prices equal to marginal cost.
价格定在C,好的,所以这里的纳什均衡,纳什均衡是两家公司都把它们的价格,设定在边际成本
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We'll assume that constant marginal cost just as it was last time is equal to C.
我们假设固定边际成本,像上次一样等于C
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The constant marginal cost is c.
边际成本就是常数c
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Let me finish the picture here; here's my demand curve, here's my constant marginal cost at c, and I want to use this picture on the left now to figure out what the monopoly quantity is.
先把图画完,这条是需求曲线,这个是边际成本常量c,下面我们通过左边的图像,来找出垄断产量
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If Firm II is charging C, Then a best response for Firm 1 is to set price equal to marginal costs, and if Firm 1 is pricing at marginal cost, then conversely a best response for Firm 2 is to price at marginal cost.
如果公司2选择了C,公司1的最佳对策是,定价在边际成本,如果公司1定价在边际成本,同样的,公司2的最佳对策,也是定价在边际成本
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