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That is to say, it strikes me that Darwin could very easily be considered a fourth hermeneut of suspicion.
也就是说，我突然想到,我们可以很容易地将达尔文看作是第四个怀疑解释论者。
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I think you could go so far as to say without Charles Darwin, we wouldn't even have modern medicine.
我觉得，可以说没有达尔文就没有现代医学。
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All of this is Darwinian thinking and, I think, increasingly will be central in importance in the twenty-first century.
这就是达尔文所思考的，我认为，这在二十一世纪会越来越重要。
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But at the same time, as Darwin well knew, emotions have universal roots that are shared across all humans and across many animals.
但同时，正如达尔文所说，情感在全球是相通的,被所有的人类和动物共享。
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One figure? I don't know. I can't say. That's hard. Charles Darwin will be up there.
只选一个吗？不好说，这太难选了。查尔斯·达尔文肯定在其中。
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We can think about this in an evolutionary way, as I've alluded to a lot, but if you think about it from a completely Darwinian point of view, and you think about these food conditions where food would be scarce in ancient times.
我们可以从生物演化的角度来看这个问题,我已经提到过很多了,但是如果你完全从达尔文学说的角度思考,从食品条件想想,在古代,哪里可能出现食物短缺
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It's important in Darwinian terms to have it in the back of our minds, and that's what Tynjanov is insisting on.
它是达尔文主义的重要特征，也是提尼亚诺夫坚持的。
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There is the fermentation of Darwinian thought, which at the same time is understood as crucial.
同时达尔文思想也是基础，被认为同等重要。
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And it might occur to some of you that this seems to be an analogy with the Darwinian theory of natural selection where there's a random assortment of random mutations.
也许你们之中会有人觉得,这和达尔文的自然选择理论,看上去很相似,自然选择就是随机突变的随机分配。
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I can't really even describe how important Charles Darwin is briefly.
我甚至不能简单概括达尔文的角色到底有多重要。
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Well, there are some basic facts that support Darwin's claim.
达尔文的观点得到了一些基本事实的支持
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And Charles Darwin actually, who was an astute observer of human behavior, tells a nice story to illustrate this: how "a native touched with his finger some cold preserved meat and plainly showed disgust at its softness whilst I felt utter disgust at my food being touched by a naked savage though his hands did not appear dirty."
达尔文，对人类行为观察入微，他有一个故事很好地解释了反感：,“一个土著用手指碰冷腌肉,那种软软的质地让他感到很反感,而让我感无无比反感的是我的食物,被一个没穿衣取的土著碰了，虽然他的手不脏“
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How important is Charles Darwin in the field of science?
查尔斯·达尔文在科学界的重要性有多大？
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That is, if they exist through Darwinian natural selection, ? to what extent can we ever get rid of them?
如果性别差异存在于,达尔文所说的自然选择当中，我们可以消除性别差异吗？
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It's Darwinian science and it's very interesting that Darwin, as much as Marx, is all about struggle: the struggle for survival, the struggle for dominance.
这是达尔文主义的科学，有趣的是达尔文和马克思一样关注斗争：,为了生存而斗争，为了支配而斗争。
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So it is simultaneously in his very first sentence a Marxist and a Darwinian vocabulary that Eikhenbaum is invoking, and that's what partly accounts for the strenuousness of his rhetoric.
所以艾肯鲍姆文章的第一句话同时引用了,达尔文主义和马克思主义，这部分解释了为什么,他的文章读起来那么吃力。
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Now last time, following Ricoeur, I mentioned Marx, Nietzsche and Freud as key figures in the sort of secondary development that somehow inaugurates theory, and then I added Darwin.
上次继里克尔之后，我提到了马克思，尼采和弗洛伊德,把他们作为推动初始理论进一步发展的关键人物，之后我加上了达尔文。
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Well, let's start with an interesting claim about language made by Charles Darwin.
我以达尔文提出的,一个有趣的语言观点来作为开始
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Not everything comes natural to us but Darwin suggests that language does.
我们的一切并非都是天生的,但达尔文却认为,语言是与生俱来的
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Now I think that one thing Ricoeur leaves out, and something that we can anticipate as becoming more and more important for literary theory and other kinds of theory in the twenty-first century, is Darwin.
我想利科所遗漏的，也是我们预期对于,二十一世纪的文学理论和其他理论越来越重要的，是达尔文的理论。
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So, Darwin writes, "Man has an instinctive tendency to speak, as we see in the babble of our young children, while no child has an instinctive tendency to bake, brew or write."
查尔斯·达尔文写到,"人类拥有说话的本能倾向,我们会看到幼儿含糊吐字,然而儿童却并不具有烘焙,酿酒或是写作的本能倾向"
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So Charles Darwin is a very, very important figure.
达尔文是一个非常非常重要的人物。
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There is a Darwinian semiotics, understanding the relationships among species in semiotic terms.
达尔文主义的符号学，用符号学来研究物种间的关系。
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In the aftermath of Darwin in particular, our understanding of natural selection, our understanding of genetic hard-wiring and other factors, makes us begin to wonder in what sense we can consider ourselves, each of us, to be autonomous subjects.
特别是继达尔文之后，我们对于自然选择，基因和其他因素的理解，让我们开始思考在哪种意义上我们每个人，可以把自己视为有自主性的主体。
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Of course, Darwin was not interested in suspicion but he was certainly the founder of ways of thinking about consciousness that are determined, socio-biologically determined: determined in the realm of cognitive science, determined as artificial intelligence, and so on.
当然，达尔文对怀疑并不感兴趣,但他确实是思考,由社会生物地决定的意识的创始人：,他认为意识被认知科学决定，被人类智慧决定等等。
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And what Darwin is claiming here, and it's a controversial and interesting claim, is that language is special in that there's some sort of propensity or capacity or instinct for language unlike the other examples he gives.
达尔文在此所表达的观点,极具争议而又非常有趣,这个观点认为,语言之所以特殊,是因为总有某些倾向,能力或本能,使得语言与他所举的其他例子有所不同
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