The ones that are most important in physiology are ones that only allow ions to go through: sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate.

在生理学上这种,只能允许某种离子通过的通道十分重要,这些离子包括钠离子,钾离子,氯离子,钙离子和碳酸氢根离子

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

For these purposes think about a channel, it only allows sodium to go through for example.

基于此目的,我们来讲离子通道,拿仅允许钠离子通过的通道作为例子

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Milton's blindness, the fact of his blindness, has shut out his view of the visible world, which would ordinarily present itself to him through the entrance of his eyes; and this shut-out will enable him, will help him, explore the invisible world of divine truth.

弥尔顿的失明，他失明的这个事实，遮住了,他看具体世界的目光，他通常是通过双眼,这个通道来看具体世界的，不过这种蒙蔽帮助了他，使他能够探索不可见世界中的神圣真理。

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Now, these are special channels in that they only allow certain molecules to pass through.

这种特殊的通道,只能允许特定的分子通过

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When an action potential is initiated these ion channels go from their closed state to their open state, when they open sodium can now pass through.

当动作电位形成时,离子通道,从关闭状态转到打开状态,当通道打开时,钠离子就可以通过

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There's a local change in the membrane, that local change involves opening of channels that allow ions to pass through regions where they couldn't pass through before, that results in a change in voltage.

膜上会发生局部变化,局部变化包括离子通道开启,使离子通过,先前不能通过的区域,从而引起电压的变化

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A state where it's closed, so imagine a channel with a lid on top of it; when it's closed nothing can go through the channel, when it's open then things can go through.

一种是闭合状态,想想一个有盖子的通道吧,当盖子合上的时候任何东西都不能通过,而打开时就畅通无阻

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Now, remember we talked about these last time, voltage-gated channels are channels that would allow the passage of sodium, in this case, but they can exist in two states, a closed state and an open state.

还记得我们上节课讨论过的吧,电压门控通道是,一种可以容许钠离子通过的通道,在这一例子中 电压门控通道有两种状态,关闭状态和开放状态

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Now, sodium and potassium don't ordinarily move across membranes, they're charged molecules, they can't dissolve, they can't permeate through a cell membrane, but they go through because there are channels that allow them to pass through in the membrane.

钠和钾通常是不能跨过细胞膜的,它们都是带电粒子,它们不能溶解在细胞膜中,不能渗透通过细胞膜,但它们之所以能通过细胞膜,全赖膜上离子通道的作用

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选