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But there are other ways of approaching this material, in any case, than Wimsatt.
不过的确除了阅读文萨特以外，我们还可以通过别的方法来探讨这个问题。
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So it really, you know, becoming familiar with the different methods is best done through experience, not through books.
所以，真的，你知道，熟练掌握不同的方法最好是通过经验，而不是通过书。
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Have the computational hygiene, if you like, to only go through accessors, only go through methods that are actually provided to you as you do this.
请大家注意计算卫生，如果你喜欢这么说的话，只通过访问器访问数据,当你访问数据的时候,通过提供给你的方法来访问。
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And so you'll learn over time both by seeing and by doing that there are generally some good ways, some okay ways, and some bad ways of actually writing code.
久而久之，你们将通过看和实践来学习到,这里通常有很好的方法，还行的方法，很烂的方法来编写代码。
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Here, the problem is solved by injecting it directly into the cell, shown here, and then that's one issue with gene delivery.
现在,这个问题已经通过,将其直接注入细胞的方法解决了,图上这里,这只解决了基因输送的一个问题
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A different question is, there in that experiment the "groupiness" was established in a very powerful way.
还有一个问题就是，在这个实验里,这种群体性是通过一种很有力的方法形成的。
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The one theory made some investigations of earth spores, hoping to find-- what do you call that stuff that floats around and makes you sneeze? Pollen.
有种学说对于,土地孢子进行了调查,期待发现,通过植物种子的变化推定气候状况的方法
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One last thing we can think of doing but we have to be a bit careful here, is we can think about changing the payoffs by education.
还有一种方法,但我们必须慎用,就是通过教育来改变收益
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It's a little bit like Aristotle's idea of catharsis, which can be understood in a variety of ways, but Milton at the end of Samson Agonistes understands it in one way when he says, Now we have as a result of this tragedy "calm of mind, all passion spent."
这有点像亚里士多德的精神发泄法理论，我们可以通过各种方法来理解，但是米尔顿在《力士参孙》一书的结尾,有另一种理解，他写道，这个悲剧使我们拥有了,“平静的精神，耗尽的热情“
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So it's becoming much more sophisticated, much more interesting and the interesting thing about it is that it verifies a lot of the research that has been done to date with far less sophisticated means, such as self-rapport.
手段更成熟，更有趣，有趣的是,它验证了许多至今通过不全面的方法,所完成的研究的正确性，像自我评估。
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So, one way we could look at it is by looking at this density dot diagram, where the density of the dots correlates to the probability density.
其中一个理解它的方法,就是通过看这个密度点图，这里点的密度,和概率密度想关联的。
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The insurance company has to have some way of demonstrating its soundness to the public.
保险公司必须通过一些方法,来证明其偿还能力。
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The way to get better at thinking about philosophy is by talking about philosophy.
能够让我们更好的了解哲学的方法,就是通过谈论哲学。
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Now we're doing the same for IT, using standards, taking things that are in what's this big bucket known as services and really encapsulating them in the form of services and products, but in a much more cost-effective way, using standards.
现在对于整个信息技术行业我们也采取这种方法，使用标准,通过服务,注入产品和服务，通过标准，提高成本效率。
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and it got me really interested in politics and the change that we can make in that way.
这让我对政治有了兴趣，并希望能够通过一定方法进行改变。
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So, zeroth law, then, allows you to define the concept of temperature and the measurement of temperature through a thermometer.
因此第零定律，使你可以定义温度的概念,以及通过温度计,测量温度的方法。
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And yeah, I know it comes built in, that's OK, what we want to do is use it as an example to look at it.
对，我知道这个方法可以通过内置的算法，来实现，这没关系，我们只是,把它当做一个例子来讲解。
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A good, hygienic way of doing this is, not only do I not go in and change things except through a pre-defined method, I shouldn't read it other Cartesian than through a pre-defined method.
做这个的方式是，我不仅仅要通过提前定义好的方法,来改变数值,我还应该通过提前定义好的方法，来读这个值,我应该用。
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The problem with it is that you also can spread other diseases in that way.
这个方法的问题是,其它疾病也会通过这种方式来传播
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And Jenner was making another observation that might be useful that way.
詹纳通过观察发现了一种可能有用的方法
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One way that you could switch this on and off inside the cell is by taking off this phosphorous, proteins enzymes that do this opposite reaction, the opposite to kinases are called phosphokinases.
一种方法是通过去除磷酸基团,来改变细胞内蛋白的状态,催化添加磷酸基团,此逆反应的蛋白酶,能够催化逆反应的激酶叫做磷酸激酶
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They grew the virus in monkey cell cultures, they purified the virus because you got to get all the other stuff from the cells that you're growing it in a way, they inactivated it by treating it with formalin which is just a formula-- it's just a mixture of Formaldehyde; Formaldehyde cross links proteins.
研究人员将病毒种植在猴细胞内,进行培养,并提纯病毒,在某种程度上,通过这种方法,可以得到所有类型的病毒,研究人员用福尔马林,处理病毒,使其灭活,福尔马林就是甲醛的水溶液,甲醛可以使蛋白质发生交联反应
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Or maybe I could donate bone marrow and those stem cells could be given to other people in the same way that blood can be given to other people by matching and making sure that immunologically my cells were compatible with you; there's a lot of interest in that.
或者我可以捐献骨髓,而那些干细胞,可以使用和输血同样的方法,通过配型来确认我的免疫细胞和你的匹配,从而把我的干细胞,输入给你,这里面有很多有趣的东西
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Well let's take a step back for a minute; that's one way of looking at Biomedical Engineering, by looking at sort of the things that you know about that have been the result of the work of biomedical engineers and talk more generally.
好的,话说回来,了解生物医学工程的一种方法就是,通过看一些你们熟悉的东西,它们同时也是,生物医学工程的研究成果,并对它们做一般意义上的讲解
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Marx, in the famous argument about commodity fetishism in Kapital, is comparing the way in which we take the product of human labor and turn it into a commodity by saying that it has objective value, by saying that we know what its value is in and of itself.
马克思在《资本论》里关于商品拜物教的著名论述中，比较了我们通过人类劳动创造产品,并将其转化为商品的方法,认为产品具有客观价值，认为我们知道它的价值存在于何并且知道它本身。
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One of the things you could imagine is just try it on and input, see how long it takes.
你们想出来的方法只是可能就是通过,输入来试试，看运行时间会有多长。
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That's one of the beauties of proteins as working molecules is that their structure can be changed by subtle means.
蛋白质作为一种生物活性分子,其优势之一是,能够通过精细的方法改变其结构
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I'd really like to have that modularity that says, I'm only going to get access to the values, not by calling their names, but by calling some specific method to get access to their names.
这样我们就丢掉了代码的模块化,我很希望代码有这样的模块化：,我访问变量的值，不是通过直接调用它们的名字，而是通过调用某个可以,访问这些变量名的方法来访问。
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But that's a little bit hard, we aren't all that good at seeing electrons with our eyes, so we need to think of a way to do this.
但那有一点困难，我们都不能通过眼睛看到电子，我们需要想一种方法去做到它。
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The other examples on the bottom of the slide here are introducing genes that affect neighboring tissues.
幻灯片下面位置的两个例子,讲的是通过基因影响周围组织的方法
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