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This is a signal - this passing of phosphorous - is a signal that's used very frequently in intracellular communication.
这是一种信号,一种通过磷酸来传递的信号,这种信号在细胞内通讯时经常被用到
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Worse still,after about 20 minutes after the ship takes off, all radio contact between ship and earth will be destroyed.
更坏的是，当飞船起飞20分钟后，所有飞船与地球的无线电通讯都被切断。
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I want to look at a slightly higher level of magnification now and think about different kinds of cellular communication.
我现在想讲一些较高水平的放大机制,并思考不同种类的细胞通讯
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Computers, the Internet, and communication devices are fundamental to financial progress and they make things possible that wouldn't have been possible before.
计算机,网络,通讯设备,是金融进步的基础,正是这些技术使得过去不可能的事情,如今变成了现实
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Building real world educational source ware And communications technologies And applying them with actual learners.
建立真实世界的教育资源软件,和通讯技术,并应用到学习者身上。
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Wireless communication devices must be silenced.
无线通讯的设备必须是静音的。
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If you're looking for a piece of software Baidu Hai -it's an instant messenger software we delivered-- we will show that to you.
如果你要找百度Hi这个软件,这是一种,即时通讯软件，搜索页面会显示出来。
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It is the postal address of x and the postal address of y.
它是x的通讯地址，和y的通讯地址。
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Then we're going to talk about two physiological systems just briefly, where cell communication sort of dominates the behavior of the organ.
然后我将简要地讲到两个生理系统,主要是讲细胞通讯控制器官活动的方式
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I don't need to say too much probably about why cells need to communicate with each other but this is a schematic version.
我可能无需讲太多关于,细胞之间需要通讯的原因,这是一张示意图
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These are primarily communication systems which act to allow your other organ systems to work in concert.
正是这些基本的通讯系统,保证了体内各系统的协调工作
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One kind of cellular communication occurs by similar mechanisms to what we were talking about.
细胞通讯中的一种,与我刚才讲过的信号转导的机制相似
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This is a center that cut across all of the MIT's Schools and departments, and tries to undertake innovative research in how different technologies, computer technologies, and communicational technologies can be used in educational settings.
这个中心的研究贯穿于,所有麻省理工的院系,研究不同的技术，计算机技术,通讯技术等,如何能够被不同地应用于,教育领域。
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The topic for this week is cell communication: how mechanisms that cells within a complex organism use to communicate with each other at short distances or long distances.
本周的主题是细胞通讯,即在一个复杂机体中的细胞,采用何种交流机制,在或长或短的距离中相互联系
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Okay, today we're going to continue to talk about cell communication.
好的,今天我们继续谈谈细胞通讯
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So one way that neurons, in particular, are able to communicate with other cells in the nervous system, share information, integrate information, decide what to do next is that they are physically connected to other different cells.
所以神经细胞之所以能够,与神经系统中其他细胞通讯,分享信息,整合信息,从而决定下一步该做什么,是由于不同细胞间,是彼此连接在一起的
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We're going to talk in some detail, not a very high level of detail, but in some detail about how this communication takes place between cells and how the information is passed down one of these cells today.
我们还要讨论些细节问题,但不是太深,今天只讲细胞间通讯的发生原理,和信息怎样从一个细胞传递到另一个细胞
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I did want to say a little bit more about kinases because they're so important in intracellular communication and kinases take advantage of the fact that proteins can often exist in more than one state, and that's what makes them useful molecules inside cells.
关于激酶我想再多讲一点,因为它们对细胞内通讯十分重要,因为激酶的优越之处在于,这种蛋白通常不只有一种状态,这也令它们在细胞中的用处极大
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Again, the point today is not for you to understand in detail all these mechanisms but to understand how those basic concepts we talked about last time, basic concepts of cell communication if arranged in the right kinds of ways can lead to complex outcomes.
再说一次 今天的重点不是,要你理解这些机制的细节,而是借此理解上节课讲的基本概念,细胞通讯的基本概念如果安排得当,可以产生非常复杂的反应
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Now, what this enables these cells to do is to communicate with very specific other regions of the nervous system.
现在,细胞就能够,同神经系统其他特定区域进行通讯
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This is a mode of communication that's used very frequently in the immune system as we'll see later.
这种通讯方式,在免疫系统中广泛使用,我们下面会讲
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Cell communication and immunology is what we're going to - is the topic for this week.
细胞通讯和免疫学,是我们本周要讲的主题
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