There's not actually chemical covalent bonds that are formed but it's a non-covalent interaction, usually dominated by hydrogen bonding.

所以配体和受体之间不生成共价键,这是一种非共价化合反应,它们通常以氢键相联

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Usually it's done by taking all or part of the infectious agent, and showing them to your immune system in some way.

通常它会带着全部或部分抗原介质,并以某种方式呈递给你的免疫系统

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And when we talk about intensity in terms of units, we usually talk about watts, so if you change your lightbulb, usually you see the intensity in terms of watts.

当我们讨论强度的单位时，我们经常用瓦特，所以如果你更换灯泡，你通常会看到,以瓦特为单位的强度值。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Nowadays they usually begin, "Hey, Professor" or "Yo, Professor," something like this.

如今他们通常以,嘿,教授,或者,呦,教授,这类问候作为邮件开头

耶鲁公开课 - 聆听音乐课程节选

So typically, real estate is held in a limited partnership.

通常,人们会以,有限合伙制形式持有房地产

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

It brought about fundamental alterations, slowly, in ways sometimes people didn't even know it's happening; fundamental alterations in aspirations, in habits, in activities, in conceptions and definitions of work, and leisure.

带来基本的,缓慢的改变,以一种人们通常无法觉察到的方式,这样根本的改变的有愿望,习惯,行动,观念,还有,对工作,闲暇的定义

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

And often in response people who want to foster more positive views will often try to--will often put in representatives from other groups in unusual ways to make that point.

为了反击这种刻板印象,想形成一个积极观点的人,通常都会…,引进其他群体的成员,以不同寻常的方式来证明他们的观点。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

We tend to look at human behavior as a matter of providing rational incentives for human action while most people, in fact, are driven by a need for esteem and a desire to avoid humiliation.

通常，我们倾向于以理性地分析其动机为标准,来看待人的行为是否正确合理,而其他人则是以赢得自尊和避免羞辱为标准,来判断一个人的行为是否合理。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Quite often, it's natural to pick x and y in a certain way, because starting a projectile near the Earth, it makes sense to pick the horizontal as x and vertical as y.

我们经常会很自然地选取 x 轴和 y 轴,因为如果在地表附近做抛物运动,我们通常以水平方向为 x 轴,竖直方向为 y 轴

耶鲁公开课 - 基础物理课程节选

The signal comes in the form of molecules which we're going to call throughout the lecture here 'ligands'.

信号通常以分子的形式来传递,在这门课里我们把这种分子叫做配体

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

You have to inject it multiple times because the first blip that you get in immune response is not very high, you have to boost and often you have to boost again in order to get a high enough response to be protected.

你必须得进行多次注射,因为第一次注射,无法使免疫系统产生强烈反应,你得要增强免疫,通常还得再增强一次,以使反应足够强烈,从而起到保护作用

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选