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I'm gonna keep as part of each stock, it's history of prices, which we can initialize, well, I've initialized it as empty, but that's probably the wrong thing, right?
我会把股票的历史价格，作为每只股票的一部分，我们可以先对它的历史价格进行赋值，好了，我先给它赋了空值，但是这样做可能不对，是吗？
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If you're investing with a long time horizon, having an equity bias makes sense; stocks go up in the long run.
如果进行长线投资,且存在股权偏好,那么从长期看,股票是上涨的
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If you buy stock in a high tech company, that sells things on the internet, you might expect it to fluctuate enormously.
如果你选择买在网上进行销售的，高新技术公司的股票，它可能会变化非常大。
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And with this data, where students were able ; to implement last year their own E-trade-like website; whereby you have accounts and you log in your hand age of your users 10,000 virtual dollars and with them can they get stock quotes, by stocks, sell stocks and the like, all of this accomplished just after a few weeks time.
通过这些数据,学生们就可以做出类似电子商务的网站;,只要你有账号就能进入你的账户,里面有1万的虚拟美元,这样你就能去查询股票报价,进行买卖股票之类的事,这一切仅仅用了几个星期的时间就完成。
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If you had $1 to invest you can borrow $.50 and invest in a $1.50 worth of stocks.
比如你有1美元进行投资,你可以透支0。5美元,投资价值1。5美元的股票。
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So in fact, it is the case, if you look at data, and by the way, that's the way I ended up setting a lot of these parameters and playing with it, was comparing what my simulation said to historical stock data.
所以实际上，在这个例子中，如果你看到数据，顺便说一下，这就是我设置很多变量,然后编程的方式，也就是把我的仿真程序得到的结果,和历史股票数据进行比较。
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With share repurchase, the number of shares goes down, and if they don't do share repurchase the number of shares doesn't go down.
如果是股票回购,总股数降低,如果他们不进行股票回购,总股数不减少
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What they do is they're pricing a portfolio up here and they keep substituting in new ones.
他们的工作是为一个投资组合定价,不停的用新股票进行替代
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And it takes the set of stocks to simulate, a fig, figure number, this is going to print a bunch of graphs, and I want to say what graph it is, fig mo and whether or not I believe in big mo.
我们需要一些股票才能进行模拟，很多很多的股票，我们会打印一些图，然后我会告诉你们这些图是什么意思，或者我们看到这个。
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For companies that we thought had backdated stock options, that we could buy their bonds at what they would trade for without this potential event of default.
对于那些我们认为已经追溯股票期权的公司，我们会在没有潜在违约风险下进行交易的价格,购买他们的债券。
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In '98, I forget which way, but one of the share classes 20% was at a 20% discount to the other and that persisted for several years, so you have economically identical things trading at different prices.
在98年，我不记得是为什么，一支这种类型的股票,比另一只股票便宜,而且这种现象持续了好几年的时间，因此你拥有经济意义上完全相同,但是却以不同价格进行交易的东西。
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Notably, it's typically required that it's one share, one vote and that there's it would be also required that there be an annual meeting-- at least once a year, a shareholder meeting-- and then the shareholders can vote on relevant issues.
还有些一般性条款,如一份股票代表一张选票,还比如年度会议,每年至少有一次股东会议,股东可以对相关议题进行投票
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