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And then we try and get our simulation to match the past, and hope that that will help it predict the future.
尝试让仿真程序能和这一部分实际数据相符，并且希望它能够帮我们对未来进行预测。
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A cohort study means you take the same group of people and follow them every five years for that period of time.
定群研究意味着你只有一组研究对象,然后在研究期间每五年进行一次记录数据
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It imports it into our database and does some fancy indexing as we'll call it later in the term to make searches more efficient.
将它导入到我们的数据库中，并进行一些变址,这将在后期会提到,它可以使查找更高效。
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For example, one of the statistics when I talk to people about the youth online with the study that was done years ago, where they said 1/4 teenager girls had received unwelcome sexual advances on the Internet.
例如，我通过与人们交谈获得一个数据,是关于年轻人上网的一项研究,这一研究是很多年前进行的，研究显示他们称有1/4的十几岁的女孩子,在网络上受到不受欢迎的性挑逗。
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So in fact, it is the case, if you look at data, and by the way, that's the way I ended up setting a lot of these parameters and playing with it, was comparing what my simulation said to historical stock data.
所以实际上，在这个例子中，如果你看到数据，顺便说一下，这就是我设置很多变量,然后编程的方式，也就是把我的仿真程序得到的结果,和历史股票数据进行比较。
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Because you don't know how much more time you've got-- You can make a guess based on statistics, but as we saw, there's wild unpredictability.
因为你不知道你剩下多少时间-,你可以根据数据进行猜测，但是我们都知道，不可预见性太难把握。
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You can see the different points-- I've calculated this using data from 1983 until 2006-- and I computed all of the inputs to those equations that we just saw.
你可以观察不同的点-,我用从1983年到2006年的数据-,代入我们刚教授的等式,进行了计算。
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You're searching three or four things, but nonetheless, you have to do that trade off.
你只是在三个或四个数据中进行查找，但是即使如此，你也必须做一些权衡。
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You're not searching a million things.
你不是在一百万个数据中进行查找。
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The green line is the building costs and you can see that building costs, since 1890, in real terms-- everything is corrected for inflation -have gone up a little bit since 1890, but not a whole lot.
绿线表示了建筑成本,你可以看到建筑成本,自1890年来,以实际值计算,所有的数据均进行了通胀修正,从1890年开始有一点点上涨,并非是大幅度上涨
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And with this data, where students were able ; to implement last year their own E-trade-like website; whereby you have accounts and you log in your hand age of your users 10,000 virtual dollars and with them can they get stock quotes, by stocks, sell stocks and the like, all of this accomplished just after a few weeks time.
通过这些数据,学生们就可以做出类似电子商务的网站;,只要你有账号就能进入你的账户,里面有1万的虚拟美元,这样你就能去查询股票报价,进行买卖股票之类的事,这一切仅仅用了几个星期的时间就完成。
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So but the diary is a way to get more sophisticated information on individuals for dietary counseling purposes and the like, but it's pretty labor intensive and then it requires either a computer to analyze the diet or some human being who is trained in this to sit down and make sense of the data.
日记这个办法,可获得更加精确的个体信息,用以进行饮食咨询等,但这更像是劳动密集型工作,然后还需要一台电脑,来分析食物数据,有些人学的就是,坐在电脑前弄明白这些数据
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And if you've ever heard the word driver software that you install in your computer so that your computer, your operating system, Windows or Mac OS, knows how to talk to that piece of hardware, it's that driver software that then empowers the operating systems to send those commands as well, up, the data is laid out on the disk.
并且如果你听说过安装到,电脑中的驱动软件这个词的话，你的操作系统，比如Windows或者是苹果操作系统，通过这个驱动软件我们的电脑，才能知道如何与这个硬件进行通信,正是因为这个驱动软件，操作系统才能根据数据，左右移动的指令来读取磁盘里的数据。
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One of the things we said last time was, with that set of things, the ability to give values-- sorry, to give names to values-- the ability to make decisions, the ability to loop as a function of that, the ability get things in and out, we said that that actually gave us a language we said was Turing-complete.
上次我们和以上内容一起说过，我们可以赋值--抱歉,为数值命名--可以做出判断决定-,并且据此进行循环,可以输入输出数据,我们说拥有这些功能的语言,是图灵完备的。
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Sometimes the functions -- sometimes a function can be used on multiple data types, plus, for example, we saw could add strings, or could add ints, but each one of those data types has associated with it a set of functions that are geared to handling them.
比如说，我们可以对string类型,进行add操作,也可以对int类型进行这个操作，但是这些数据类型中的每一种，都与适合于操作它们的,方法集相关联,我们想对我们创建的数据,类型做同样的事情。
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I can write it explicitly. I can write it inside of a FOR loop. And we've started to add, and we'll see a lot more of this, examples of collections of structures so that we don't just have to do something that can be easily described as walking through a set of things but can actually be a collection that you walk through.
我可以明确的写出来,我可以把它在FOR循环的内部写出来，然后我们开始学习了add这个运算符,我们会在以后学习很多的,集合的数据结构的例子,这样一来我们可以进行一些,很简单的遍历集合的操作,我想要为大家指出的最后一件事情是。
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