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OK, clearly we'd be much better off if we had some systematic quantitative way to tell whether something would happen spontaneously.
好，如果我们有一些系统定量的方法来判断,一个过程是否会自发进行,那就会更好了。
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Having now used this pseudo code to line things up, I can start putting some additional structure on this.
用伪代码把这些事情串起来后,我可以开始进行,一些结构方面的优化了。
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And then he makes some comments about how,well, ; he could never pick cotton fast enough; he's just not able to do it as black men are.
于是他对采棉花进行了一些评价，他觉得自己永远没法采摘的够快;,没法像那些黑人一样迅速。
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Now that you have the ability to ask yes or no questions, you wanna be able to branch or fork in the road based on those answers.
你现在能问一些肯定或者否定的问题，根据结果,你就能进行选择了。
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So, that may explain why some of the states did and others did not.
因此,这也许能解释为什么,一些城市进行了殖民,而另一些没有
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So the children did some ministrations as well.
一些学生进行了展示。
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It puts together the experience with tobacco and the experience with diet, to talk about how countries might see this problem coming and doing something about it.
它把发生在香烟和饮食上的,事情放在一起进行对比,讲述了国家是如何发现问题,并做一些事情来解决问题
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There's no change in them, and then we also looked at some at non-state functions, work and heat, and saw that those aren't zero going around a cycle. Of course you can do work in a cyclic process, and heat can be exchanged with the environment at the same time.
它们不会有变化，然后我们研究了,一些非态函数，功和热量，并看到,沿着循环行进一周的话,它们并不是零，当然你可以在,一个循环过程中做功，而同时热量可以在系统,与外界环境之间进行交换。
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You are not gonna be graded The workshop, the virtual of it is that you bring up problems that other have not thought of and then there can be some conversation, from your point of view, not mine.
你们不会后悔的,讨论课的实质就是,你提出了一些其他人没有想到的问题,然后进行一些讨论，从你的观点来陈述，不要从我的观点来陈述。
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I don't know who's coming next class, or what but I'll set up a few minutes prior, at the beginning of the class, for people just to introduce themselves to the person next to them so they have some sort of resource in the class.
我不知道下节课会有谁来,有什么情况,不过我会在课程开始的时候,先安排几分钟,让你们向前后左右的同学,进行一番自我介绍,这样你们就能在这个班里,认识一些新同学了
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I don't think they were having very good success, but they did notice something interesting which is that the rat kept returning to the corner of the cage in which it was stimulated the day before So Olds got an interesting idea, he said, what if we let the rats stimulate in its own brain, what would happen.
他们的试验并不是非常成功，但他们确实是注意到了一些有趣的事情,老鼠总是会回到,昨天接受刺激的那个箱子的角落,因此奥兹产生了一个有趣的想法，他想，如果我们让老鼠在自己的脑中对自己进行刺激会，发生什么事情。
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Now, in the process of doing that they found some very rare stem cells that are called pluripotent, pluri just means many potencies.
如今在这种研究进行的过程中,他们发现了一些非常稀少的干细胞,称为多能干细胞,pluri这个前缀就是指很多能力
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This is a little file I created, all right, and I'm going to start with a sequence of these things and walk them along, again I invite you to put comments on that handout so that you can follow what we're going to do. All right?
这是我创建的一个小文件，好，然后我回去以一系列这样的事情,开始然后进行下去，我还是想大家都在手册上做一些注释,这样我们就能对将要做的事情,做一个记录了，对不对？
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What have we done? We've now got a way of collecting things together, right? And this is the first version of something we'd like to use.
用的一些东西的,第一个版本，现在我已经把它和,一个名字进行了绑定。
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We got definition, we got name, we got a set of formal parameters.
我们已经进行了定义，我们命了名，我们设置了一些列形参。
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We saw some quadratic algorithms, typically those are things with multiple nested loops, or iterative or recursive calls, where you're doing, say, a linear amount of time but you're doing it a linear number of times and so it becomes quadratic, and you'll see other polynomial kinds of algorithms.
我们看过一些平方算法，他们一般进行了多次嵌套循环,或者递归迭代调用，对一个线性操作调用线性次,这样就变成平方次了,以后你们能看到,一些多项式算法。
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I think they probably also invented a few things, but it was very,very characteristic of the Greeks to borrow from the cultures they encountered and to adapt them, to make them more useful for their own purposes and nothing could be clearer than the alphabet as an example of that.
我认为他们或许也发明过一些事物,但从他们所遇到的文明中进行借鉴,将之应用到自己的生活中去,并使它们更适于希腊人自己的目的,这样的方式也是非常希腊风格的,也没有什么,能比字母表这个例子更能清晰地说明这点了
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And when we do a simulation, we're pulling the samples from some distribution.
当我们写一个仿真程序的时候，我们就是从一些分布中进行了采样。
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If I now say, I'm going to go ahead and change the radius of this, something, my polar form did it right, but what happened to the Cartesian form?
如果我现在说，我要去改变这里的半径,一些这样的操作，我的极坐标形式，进行了正确的改动？
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Print, assignment, certainly two obvious statements, they're commands to do something.
如Print，赋值，当然很明显的是两个声明了，他们是用来进行操作的一些命令。
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Notice in the class definition here, is there, this is the first thing that's got called, and I just called with the value for x and the value for y, and it went off and did something for me.
就在这里，这是第一个被调用的东西，我用x的值和y的值调用了它,然后这个方法继续进行，并为了做了一些操作。
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But here, if I decide I'm going to store things not in x and y, but with some other set of names, for example, I've gotta go back into these pieces of code that use the points, and change them. So I've lost modularity.
除了要改下借口,但是这里，如果我决定，我不把值放在x和y中，而是和其他一些变量名进行绑定,例如这样的话,我就得回到使用这个点的代码，那儿去做更改了。
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All right, if this is purely a test of, if this is true do this otherwise I don't care, I don't need the ELSE clause in there to identify it. All right?
好，如果这真是一个测验，用来测试如果是真的那么进行一些操作,否则的话我不在乎，那么我不需要ELSE语句,来进行声明了对不对？
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You open what we call the "text editor," the specific one we used on Wednesday was called Nano, -- which is similar to Notepad or TextEdit -- totally simple, kind of dumbed down but in a useful way so that you can just focus on writing code and not learning some new interface.
你先打开那个“文本编辑器“,就是我们周三用过的叫做Nano的编辑器，这个跟写字板和记事本差不多-,非常简单的，只是通过一种有用的方法而进行精简了的,所以你们可以把注意力集中在编写代码上,而不需要学习一些新的界面操作。
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That means starting at the first one, I'm going to do something to it. And what am I'm going to do? I'm going to take that character, convert it back into an integer, and add it into some digits. And I've done a little short hand here, which is I should have said some digits is equal to some digits plus this.
这意味着从第一个字符开始，我要对他们进行一些操作,我要去做什么呢？我要取得这个字符，然后把它转换为整数,然后加到某些数上面去,我在这里用了一些缩写,我本来应该写一个数字等于这个数字。
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I spotted an error here, I could have spotted it by running it on different test sets, and using prints things, another way of doing it, but this idea of at least simulating it on simple examples lets you check a couple of important questions.
操作么？我在这里发现了一个错误,我也可以通过运行不同的测试集，或者运用print声明来发现这个错误，但是至少应该用简单的例子来手工模拟下,代码的思想可以让你,对一些很重要的问题进行检验。
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I can write it explicitly. I can write it inside of a FOR loop. And we've started to add, and we'll see a lot more of this, examples of collections of structures so that we don't just have to do something that can be easily described as walking through a set of things but can actually be a collection that you walk through.
我可以明确的写出来,我可以把它在FOR循环的内部写出来，然后我们开始学习了add这个运算符,我们会在以后学习很多的,集合的数据结构的例子,这样一来我们可以进行一些,很简单的遍历集合的操作,我想要为大家指出的最后一件事情是。
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