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OK, this is only true for an ideal gas, and we went through that mathematically where the, with a chain rule.
这一关系只对理想气体成立，上节课我们,用链式法则推导出了这一关系。
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And that they are not these four separate subjects that you have to consider.
在这节课上，你不能孤立地考虑这四门学科。
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And what we saw last time is that this was necessary to make things work, this part of it in particular.
上节课我们讲,这是对外做功的必要条件，特别是这个部分。
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Last lecture, you might have thought this was a SHASS class, it's not like a philosophy class, and it was important to set the stage for what we're going to talk about, but we talked about very high level things.
上一节课，你们可能认为,这课没什么意思，这可能不太像一门哲学课，为我们所要讨论的去做好准备,是很重要的，我们上节课讲的是一些比较高层次的的东西。
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She also loves astronomy, which is incidentally an interest of mine too, but you won't hear about it again in this course.
她还喜欢天文学,巧合的是,这也是我的爱好之一,但在这节课上我也不会提及
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Today. So this is the first class, the first moment of shopping that you guys are going to!
所以这是第一节课,这是你们上的第一节试听课
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I was talking last time about the concept of election or choice, God's choice of Israel, Israel as the chosen one, which occurs for the first time in the Book of Deuteronomy.
我上节课提到了“选择“这一概念，上帝选择了以色列，以色列成为选民，这一概念第一次出现在《申命记》中。
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I actually want to begin by going back to Freud and hitting a couple of loose ends.
我想在这节课的开始先回头讲讲弗洛依德,解决一下上节课遗留的几个问题。
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We won't come back to it at least for the moment, but you see that it's mercifully short, and as time passes we will do some rather interesting tricks with it.
至少我们这节课用不上，看，这篇故事很短，过一段时间我们会针对它做一些很有趣的练习。
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Last time, we saw already, that this is a very powerful idea, in that game last time.
通过上节课的博弈,我们可以看出,这是个非常重要的概念
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I ended with this picture that shows you a little bit about control of gene expression.
我用这幅图结束了上一节课,图上讲了一些关于基因表达调控的内容
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That's the argument I put up on the board at the end of last class.
这是上节课结束时,我在黑板上所写的论证
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Everything I told you last time, you can summarize in these two equations.
上节课上我所讲的所有内容,可以总结为这两个方程
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Perhaps a mistake with some of the answers we got but one of our choice favorites was this one and it's actually fairly worth drawing one's attention to and that's this: I planned on taking the class as a freshman then convinced myself otherwise because I couldn't fit it into my workload.
得到的回答或许有的是错的,我们最喜欢的一个回答是这样的,值得我们注意一下：,我本打算大一就来上这节课,但却说服自己还是别去上了,因为我工作负荷满满的。
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This is how I end the previous course, but it's the most appropriate place to start this one, because the Paris Commune hung over Europe for the next twenty or thirty years.
我上节课结束时就讲到这里,这十分适合作为这节课的开头,因为巴黎公社的阴霾,笼罩了欧洲接下来的二三十年
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But, as I mentioned briefly in the last class, the notorious difficulties attending this poem seem to have very little to do with Milton's grief over the death of Edward King, which may well not have been all that troubled or complicated.
不过，正如我上节课简要提到的,这首诗的阅读障碍和弥尔顿对爱德华金之死的,悲啜之情并无太大关系，他的哀悼也不是使这首诗艰深复杂的全部原因。
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It's constant pressure. OK, so now, last time you looked at the Joule expansion to teach you how to relate derivatives like du/dV.
这是恒压的，好，上节课你们,学习了焦耳定律,以及怎样进行导数间的变换。
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So these are just the pictures that we saw last time.
这是我们上节课见过的图像。
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In particular, do we have souls, and for this class when I talk about a soul, what I'm going to mean is sort of a bit of philosophical jargon.
特别是，我们有灵魂吗，在这节课上，当我说到灵魂，我的意思是带有一些术语味道的。
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the zeroth law, which is the common-sense law, which says that if you take a hot object next to a cold object, heat will flow from the hot to the cold in a way that is well defined, and it allows you to define temperature.
上节课我们讨论了，热力学第零定律,这一定律源自常识：如果把一个热的物体,与一个冷的物体挨在一起，热量就会以确定的方式。
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It's basically--if I am told that you're a genius and your genius is about to be in full-flower throughout this class and it's a small class as these classes were, I'll focus more on you, I'll give you more of my attention.
它其实…如果有人告诉我你是天才,你的才智能在这节课上完全体现出来,这个班的人不多，我就会把更多的注意力放在你身上。
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That's right. That's an example, as we talked about in the last class, of the act of keeping records influencing the accuracy of the records, because you're prone to do things differently then what your typical eating might be because you're keeping the records.
对,如我们上节课所谈到的,这有个持续记录会影响记录准确性的例子,由于你不断进行记录,你更可能会吃与不同于平时的东西
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Now, if we push the dualist to explain what is it about free will that rules out the possibility that we are merely physical objects, I think the natural suggestion to spell out the argument goes like this, and this is where we were at the end of last time.
现在如果我们让二元论者去解释,什么是自由意志,它又是如何否定,人仅仅是物理实体这种可能性的,我认为他们自然会这样,阐述这个论证,这是就我们在上节课结束时讲到的内容
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It's in that context, needless to say, that I'd like to take a look at these two interesting passages on the sheet that has Anton Chekhov on one side and Henry James on the other.
不用说这节课,我将会谈到纸上列出的这两篇有趣的文章,一篇是契诃夫的而另一篇是亨利，詹姆斯的。
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I'd last time talked about the two assert statements.
上节课我们已经探讨了,这两个断言语句。
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In a sense, I'm terminating this lecture with another triumph for behavioral economics.
某种意义上,我通过这节课再次证明了,行为经济学的胜利
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This is the slide that I left on last time and the idea here was to use plasmids, which I talked about last Thursday, to introduce genes into animals.
这是我上节课没讲完的一张幻灯片,这里的思路是利用,上周四所讲过的质粒,以将基因导入动物体内
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What I'm going to talk about today is to continue our discussion about what is Biomedical Engineering and go a little bit further and we'll spend about half the class doing that, and then I want to spend the last half of the class talking about some biological structures that are very important and that you might not be familiar with.
今天我们要继续讨论,有关生物医学工程的话题,并且更深入些,这需要花上大约半节课时间,后半节课会讨论,一些非常重要的生物构造,有些你们可能不是太熟悉
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