If I charged the reactor in this manner, and of course I'm assuming 100% completion of the reaction which we know is overly optimistic.

如果我们这样来考虑这个反应的前提，就是我们假设,反应完全进行,我们知道这有些过于乐观了。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So if we have a negative change in energy for any reaction as it's written, what that actually means is we're giving off energy as the reaction proceeds.

如果我们像这里写的这样,在任何一个反应过后，得，到的能量变化为负值,这就意味着我们在这个过程中放出了能量。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Let me just give some example of-- sometimes people are very slow to see the obvious, or it seems so in history.

我来举些例子-,有时人们对显见之物的反应反而比较滞后，起码从历史上来看是这样的。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

That will produce a response pattern like this, so each square corresponses how any one neuron response.

然后就形成了这样的反应模式，因此每个方格就体现了每个神经元的反应。

斯坦福公开课 - 7个颠覆你思想的演讲课程节选

Yes, and if we have gases involved, it's pretty similar, but now what will have is something like this. We'll have a reaction vessel that's sealed, it's constant volume.

如果涉及了气体，情况也很相似，只是现在的装置是这样的,我们有一个密封的反应容器,它的体积是恒定的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

What you would like to is everybody in the community exactly the same preparation so that you could predict what everybody's response to the vaccine would be.

最好是把完全一致的制剂,分发给每个人,这样才能预测每个人,对疫苗的反应

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Rather, they're cute because of how our brains are wired up.

相反，他们可爱是因为,我们的大脑是这样反应的。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

A lot of interesting reasons, we've all heard the topic-- the word chocoholic, sugar addict, we hear the words withdrawal and things and that becomes an interesting part of the biology of food.

值得思考的原因有很多,我们都听过这样的词汇,巧克力成瘾,糖果成瘾,还有戒断反应之类的词,这都是食品生物学中有趣的部分

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

At any rate, I don't know for certainty that I'm a harder grader, but I believe that it's the case based on reactions I get when I give the speech that I'm about to give.

不管怎么，虽然不是特确定我评分严格，但相信应该就是这样,根据我每次说这些话时得到的反应来说。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Could be done, but easier is to just do the whole thing at constant volume, right, and just run the reaction that way and redo the calculation to be a constant volume rather than constant pressure calorimeter, right.

可以进行测量,但是如果在体积恒定的条件下,做这些会容易得多,还是这样进行反应,但是在等体而不是恒压条件下重新计算。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So, a protein that has tyrosine and it has tyrosine in a position such that it's on the outside of the protein and accessible to chemical reaction can be phosphorylated.

所以,一种蛋白质中含有酪氨酸,并且该酪氨酸位于,像蛋白质的外侧这样的位置,这样才能够发生磷酸化反应

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The notion is, if there's something foreign that's being produced inside this cell, then that cell must have been corrupted in some way and it has to be gotten rid of.

免疫反应的规矩是这样的,如果某些外源物在你细胞内产生,那说明这个细胞的某些地方,已经被损害了所以必须被清除掉

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Sometimes second messengers collect signals from a variety of different receptor systems, translate them into one kind of internal change, and the cell then just has to know about that one thing changing.

第二信使分子能够收集,来自不同受体系统的信号,将它们转化为同一种细胞内在的变化,这样细胞就只需对一种变化作出反应

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If there were just-- if you were trying to create a positive reaction of antigens and it showed up naturally wouldn't it create this reaction anyway in terms of your body would create antibodies like the secondary response volume to antibodies?

如果这里仅有,如果在自然条件下,尝试建立抗原的阳性反应,抗体这是否会像这样反应,以你身体为例,你的身体是否会产生,同二次免疫一样的抗体浓度

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And I can calculate what happens to G under those conditions.

因为在化学反应中组分就是这样变化的,我能够计算在这些条件下G的变化。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选