who was refuted by Dr. Johnson who kicked a stone and leaped away in terrible pain saying, "I refute it thus."
约翰逊先生反对理想主义者,他踢开一块石头,跳开到很远,一副痛苦不堪的样子,说,“我这样来反驳“
Why? Because there's more to life than just pleasure and the absence of pain, or so it seems to me.
为什么?因为生命不仅仅是,享受快乐,避免痛苦,我是这样认为。
Now, when the first chimpanzee hits the lever the second chimpanzee gets a painful electric shock, putting the first chimpanzee in a horrible dilemma.
当第一只黑猩猩拍杠杆时,第二只黑猩猩就会受到痛苦的电击,这样第一只黑猩猩就进退两难了。
Bentham arrives at this principle by the following line of reasoning: We're all governed by pain and pleasure, they are our sovereign masters, and so any moral system has to take account of them.
边沁是这样论证这一原则的:,我们都受到痛苦和快乐的支配,苦乐是我们至高无上的主宰,因此任何道德体系都应考虑到它们。
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