-
Now the first law is going to hold in all of these steps, and we're going around in a cycle.
现在热力学第一定律,就蕴含在这所有的步骤里了，我们沿着这个循环走。
-
So thermodynamics, based on these four laws now, requires an edifice, and it's a very mature science, and it requires that we define things carefully.
热力学是一座，建立在这四条定律上的大厦,它是一门非常成熟的科学，也要求我们在定义东西时非常小心。
-
So, that's -- does anyone know which classical law of motion that would be?
你们有谁知道这是,哪个经典运动定律吗？
-
if the Law of Inertia is valid for me, it's valid for other people in the same room at rest with respect to me.
如果惯性定律对我适用,那就对这屋子里的其他和我保持相对静止的人,也同样适用
-
That is the second part of the Aufbau Principle.
这就是构造定律的第二部分。
-
When we find people challenging it, I think they have the bulk of time and human experience on their side when they say you guys got it wrong.
当我们发现有人挑战这一定律时,我只能说他们完全是在白费力气,当他们说道 你们这些家伙是错的
-
It's like we have laws of thermodynamics that underlie the use of engines, but you can't just go from the laws of thermodynamics to an automobile; there are a million steps along the way.
这就好比热力学定律,为引擎的使用打下了理论基础,但你不能从热力学定律一步跨越到发明汽车,这中间还要经历成千上万的步骤
-
OK. Note, by the way, if I chase through each possible path, like there's some IFs in here, if there's some places to go, at least in this piece of code, every possible path through this code ends in a return. And that's a good programming discipline, to make sure that happens.
注意一下,如果我跟进每一条可能的路径，像是这里的，起码在这段代码中就有很多走向，这段代码中的每一条可能路径,在结尾都会返回一个值,这就是一条很好的编程定律，请确保这样做。
-
b It's pretty simple zeroth law says that if a and b it doesn't exactly say that but it implies this.
它很简单，第零定律指出如果a和,这不是第零定律的原话,但其意义是这样的。
-
It's constant pressure. OK, so now, last time you looked at the Joule expansion to teach you how to relate derivatives like du/dV.
这是恒压的，好，上节课你们,学习了焦耳定律,以及怎样进行导数间的变换。
-
That is an example of a person for whom the Law of Inertia does not work.
这就是一个惯性定律不成立的例子
-
In the case of a spring, this is the law that you will deduce.
在弹簧这个例子里,这就是你推导出来的定律
-
People have done experiments through the ages, and they've accumulated the knowledge from these experiments, and they've synthesized these experiments into a few basic empirical rules, empirical laws, which are the laws of thermodynamics.
很长的时期内，人们做了大量的实验，从这些实验中积累知识,将这些实验总结成一些基本的经验法则和定律，这就是热力学的定律,然后，人们给这些定律添加，数学架构。
-
Coulomb discovered the Coulomb's law, which is a repulsion between charges.
后来库仑发现了库仑定律,才知道这是电荷之间的排斥作用
-
So, let's think qualitatively for a second about what that means or what the real meaning of that is. What that is telling us is that according to Newtonian mechanics and Coulomb's force law, is that the electron should actually plummet into the nucleus in 0.1 nanoseconds.
让我们定性的想想,这意味着什么,这告诉我们,根据牛顿力学,和库仑定律，电子,在0。1纳秒内,就会掉到原子核里面。
-
That's what the zeroth law says.
这就是第零定律所说的。
-
So this is the common-sense law.
那么这就是常识定律。
-
This is the slope. f is just the limit.
这是一条普遍定律。
-
And that's the zeroth law thermodynamic.
这就是热力学第零定律。
-
the zeroth law, which is the common-sense law, which says that if you take a hot object next to a cold object, heat will flow from the hot to the cold in a way that is well defined, and it allows you to define temperature.
上节课我们讨论了，热力学第零定律,这一定律源自常识：如果把一个热的物体,与一个冷的物体挨在一起，热量就会以确定的方式。
-
It goes back to the second law.
这就要回到第二定律。
-
That's the Law of Universal Gravitation.
这条定律叫做万有引力定律
-
What can you do with this law?
你能用这定律干什么呢
-
That's the first law.
这就是牛顿第一定律
-
This is an abstract and powerful mathematical statement of the first law of thermodynamics.
这是热力学第一定律的一个抽象,而且具有很强数学性的表述。
-
Great. So now we have this ideal gas thermometer, and out of this ideal gas thermometer, also comes out the ideal gas law.
好，现在我们有了理想气体温度计,由此还可以引出理想气体定律，我们可以得到这条，插值出的直线的斜率。
-
Fairly powerful statement, and that's another form of the first law of thermodynamics.
这是一个相当有用的表述,是热力学第一定律的另外一种形式。
-
And then the second law comes in and says well, that's not quite right.
然后第二定律跳出来说，这不大对头。
-
That's the first law of thermodynamics.
这是热力学第一定律。
-
All the laws that anybody knows have this property.
我们已知的任何定律都满足这一性质
应用推荐