-
And so if one is looking to keep protein at a certain level, then these sort of foods would get favored.
但还不是全部 而如果要使体内蛋白维持在某种水平上,那这些食物会比较受青睐
-
But, but it's beautiful cuisine and, and so healthy and nourishes you from the inside-out, so.
但这些食物真的很美味、健康、还富有营养。
-
The foods that you see on the right probably don't surprise you, because those are considered sort of healthy options as well.
你们看到的在右边的这些食物,大概不会让你们感到惊讶,因为这些都被认为是健康的选择
-
Typically, we're distracted from thinking about them by the distractions provided by the body-- the desire for food, drink, sex, what have you, sleep.
通常我们对这些东西的思考,被身体的一些需求打乱了,比如对食物,饮料,性,睡眠的欲望
-
Because people are going to be getting federal money to do some sort of do-good organizations, feeding the poor, something like that, some sort of helping with social services from a religious framework.
因为人们将会得到联邦资金,成立一些做善事的组织，比如为穷人提供食物，协助从事社会事业,这些都在宗教框架之下。
-
You've got horses which you need for the army but also which they start slaughtering; you've got cattle but you have enough food to last for maybe a month; there's always a lot to drink because of the caves, that is, the wine cellars that people had, but things get worse and worse.
你有军队所需的马,但是士兵会把马杀来吃,你有牛,但是这些食物只能,维持大概一个月的时间,喝的东西总是不缺的,因为他们有酒窖,就是用来储藏葡萄酒的酒窖,不过事态还是变得越来越糟
-
Those foods that you see there, that throw off the animals homeostasis, and their hunger equilibrium are the same foods that are marketed very heavily.
你们看到的这些食物,打破了这些动物的内稳态和饥饿平衡,这些食品占据了大量市场份额
-
And what they found was they underestimated by 200-600 calories, the calories in these foods.
结果,营养学家们把这些食物的卡路里,低估了200到600卡
-
Things that are high in fat and then high in sugar too like ice cream, become very appealing to individuals and so these foods become incredibly powerful for people.
这些高脂肪,高热量的食物,比如冰淇淋,人们就无法拒绝它的诱惑,这些食物有着不可估量的吸引力
-
One is to look at how much of these foods are produced.
即看看这些食物生产了多少
-
Well, the only way you know is to do studies-- and we'll talk about how these are done in the next class-- linking dietary behavior, food intake with health.
了解这些的唯一方法是做研究,而在下一节课,我们会谈论具体过程,联系饮食习惯,食物摄入与健康
-
Then you can choose one of those for the specific food.
之后你可以在这些特定的食物中选择
-
Then the things on the right are pretty self-explanatory.
右边这些食物的缺点则不言自明
-
If you change the animal's environment and you give it access to these sort of foods, and these are the pictures that I showed in the first class, and you remember I asked you what constituents of this diet promoted obesity and you said it was fat, sugar, and variety that was correct.
如果你改变动物所在环境,再给它们这些食物,这些图片我们在第一课见到过,我问过这些食物中哪些成分使人发胖,你们说脂肪,糖和其他成分,没错
-
We sense food coming in, that sets into gear a series of metabolic and biological processes that are very interesting, and then of course once the food gets in the body it does lots of interesting things-- some good things and some bad things.
美食当前,食指大动,身体从而启动一系列新陈代谢过程,和有趣的生物过程,而且,当食物进入身体,它就产生许多有趣的效应,这些效应有好有坏
-
Now I'm not-- again, this is the kind of detail I'm not expecting you to remember, but it's just an exemplar of this broader issue about how dependence on certain foods leads to nutritional deficiencies that have to get remedied somehow or else people have health problems.
现在,我不是,我并不希望你们能记住这些细节,它们不过是作为一个例子来拓宽,由于依赖某种食物而导致营养不良的问题,要采取弥补措施,不然会引起健康问题
-
Here are humans who had to walk long distances potentially to find the food, kill the food at great risk to themselves; inspiring a cascade of physiological effects that have to do with fear and arousal and things like that, not to mention all the calories one would burn doing this kind of activity.
这些人可能需要走很远的路,去寻找食物,冒着巨大危险,杀死猎物,人们耗费能量以激活一系列生理效应,用以战胜恐惧,引发斗志,更不用说人们在狩猎的过程中,消耗的卡路里量了
-
That's where you're just asked over a period of time, how often you eat this list of foods and you're given a very long list of foods.
正如同你们刚才问的,你多久吃一次这些食物,你有一个很长的食物列表
-
And others would saying in addition to the traditional ideas of keeping these Jewish dietary laws involved, we should add an understanding based on the needs of the planet and the suffering of the animals that are potentially involved with our food resources.
另一些人可能会建议，除了,保持传统的,犹太饮食教规，我们应当理解,地球的需求和动物的痛苦,而这些都是与我们的食物来源有关系的。
-
But if you throw off the environment, in this case, the animal's biology, it's drive for certain nutrients is in concert with the food it has access to.
如果让它们换个环境,这种情况下,这些动物的生理特性,即它们有多少动力去获取某些营养元素,是与其食物源状态有关的
-
We like certain foods, we have positive associations with them because of our families and all these-- and marketing of course, and all these factors come into play in shaping how we feel about food.
我们喜欢某些食物,对它们会产生正面联想,因为,我们的家庭,当然还有市场营销,以及所有的这些因素都影响着,我们对食物的感觉
-
Virtually every major anatomical change-- think about that for a minute-- every major anatomical change that has existed in humans can be related in one way or another to how foods are acquired and processed by the human body.
事实上,每个重大的解剖学变化,你们想想,人体的每一个重大解剖学的变化,在某些方面,都和获取食物的方式,以及人类机体如何处理这些食物有关
-
In any event, the saturated fats that are in these kinds of foods tend to be in the things that you associate with fatty foods like high fat meat, whole milk, etc., have a bad impact.
不论如何,这些食物中的饱和脂肪,正是你们通常称为高脂食品,如肥肉,全脂牛奶等,都是有害的
-
For example, you can bring people into a lab or something like that and show them food and say, well can you estimate how many calories are in this, and you actually know how many calories are in it, and you get the error.
比方说,带一些实验对象进入实验室,向他们展示一些食物并问,你们能估计这些食物含有多少卡路里吗,人们认为自己对卡路里含量心里有谱,但他们错了
-
Because if you were unfettered by all those environmental things that make people eat different kinds of foods, most of you would probably like the high fat, high sugar foods better; most of you probably still do.
因为如果你可以不受这些环境因素影响,摆脱让人们吃各种不同的食物的外因,大部分人都会更喜欢高脂食品,或者高糖食品,你们中的大部分人可能依然如此
-
This was thought by many to be a positive change but in game rich environments where there was a lot of meat available, people could actually get many more calories per hour-- that is secure more food that would help fend off starvation compared to what they could get for people cultivating food.
很多人都认为这是一个积极的改变,然而 在那些富饶地区,获取肉类轻而易举,同样时间内,人类可以获取更多能量,相对那些靠种植获取食物的人类来说,这些地区有足够多的食物来抵御饥荒
-
If you have a brain, and a body, and a metabolism that wants calories, it wants fat, it wants sugar, it wants a broad variety of food so you can survive, that would be good if you lived in certain parts of the world today.
如果你有大脑,有身体,有新陈代谢,这些都需要能量,就需要脂肪,需要糖,需要极其多样食物,你才能活下来,世界上只有部分地区可以保证这些
-
Now we'll go back further than 10,000 years to talk about the history of food, but in those--but at 10,000 years ago several very important changes happened that have shaped to a great extent what our modern relationship with food is.
让我们回到一万多年前,来讨论饮食史,但是,一万年前,发生了一些很重要的变化,这些变化很大程度上塑造了,现代人类与食物的关系
-
These foods are heavily marketed, they tend to be sold in schools, there tend to be mini markets right outside the schools so people can get them on the way to and from schools at many places, and this is the food environment.
这些食品非常热销,一般在学校附近有售,学校外面一般都有小型超市,这样人们就可以在上学放学路上买到它们,这就是所谓的食物环境
-
Now these parts of the world are shrinking in the number; but let's say you lived in Ethiopia or Somalia, or places where food really is scarce way too much of the time, then having this particular biological drive, having a brain that wants you to seek out these foods would be highly adaptive.
现在这些地区的数量正在减少,但如果你生活在埃塞俄比亚或是索马里,或是当前食品十分短缺的地区,那么拥有这种生物驱动力,拥有不断驱使你去寻找食物的大脑,会让你有极强的适应能力
应用推荐