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Therefore, we have the chance to innovate and to solve those problems. So, I think there are hopes for that.
因此，我们有机会进行创新来解决这些问题,那就是希望之所在。
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And sometimes what we do, what we want to do is have them solve problems before problems get to be too big.
所以我们做的这些，就是为了在问题发生之前就解决了。
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The real issue is to figure out how to build constructs out of this that tackle particular problems, but the fundamental basics of computation are just captured in that set of mechanisms.
坏消息是当然这不是真的,真正的问题是怎么来,构建解决特定的问题的这些结构，但是运算的最基本的东西,仅仅体现在机制集里。
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But for those of you who decide to go on in computer science realize there is a whole interesting world that uses details like these in the world of networking, in hardware, to actually solve some real world problems.
而对于你们中想要在计算机科学,方面有所发展的人，将会遇到一个非常有趣的领域,在那个世界里，会有许多像网络世界，硬件界,这样或那样的小细节，但又往往是这些小细节才解决了许多真实世界里的问题。
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And so these are situations where we would very much like to produce a vaccine, but we can't yet, and the question is 'Why? '.
我们十分想生产疫苗来解决这些问题,但我们还不行,你们会问,为什么会这样
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So there are formal questions that we will take up time and again.
人们又怎么对待那些资源,这些是我们需要花时间，解决的正式问题。
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These are efforts to solve the moral hazard problem and to manage risks.
这些都是为了解决道德风险问题,和进行风险管理。
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And you can resolve it in many different ways.
有很多种方式可以解决这些问题。
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That's why there's a lot of emphasis on sharpening your teeth by doing this class of problems.
这就是为什么强调要通过解决这些问题,来提高你的能力
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Define the path. Get all of these really clear, and you've basically solved the problem.
把所有这些搞清楚，你就基本上解决这个问题了。
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Very difficult problems, but in my judgement, all solvable if we generate the country in the kind of bipartizan political cooperation and political courage that will be necessary to fix them.
这些问题很不容易解决，但我认为,不是不能解决，只要我们,以这种两党制的合作形式治理国家,还要有治理它们的政治勇气。
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So, I'm raising this not to solve the problem.
我说这些并不是为了解决问题
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So I guess an efficient, new way of solving those problems.
是一种高效新型的解决这些问题的方法。
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We need to think about solutions to this, right from the start of the class, and we already talked about something.
从一上课开始,我们就应该开始,思考这些问题解决方案,现在我们已经谈论了一些了
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All it could do, though, was solve those equations.
它所能做的就是解决这些方程组问题。
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These are the problems of insurance that we have to deal with.
这些都是我们要解决的问题
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We'll see why they have to separate that in a minute, but they do that these lipid bi-layers solve that problem for them and they're self-assembled structures from these molecules called phospholipids.
我们马上会讲到为什么要把它们隔离开,脂质双层膜解决了这个问题,而这些自主装结构,就是由磷脂分子组成的
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It's a long sequence of instructions, it starts at the beginning, walks through, may jump around a little bit, but eventually comes down at the end. It's okay for the things you're doing for the early problem sets.
这是一长串指令，从开端开始，向前步行，偶尔来回跳一会儿,但是最终会走到结尾,这些足以解决最初级的问题。
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Now as for all these data sizes, let's close one outstanding question.
现在为了这些数据量，让我们先结束一个未解决的问题。
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So it's a short problem set, but make sure you know how to do those problems.
因此这是个小问题集,但是确保你懂怎么解决这些问题。
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Typically up till now, we've looked at things that can be done in sublinear time. Or, at worst, polynomial time. We'll now look at a problem that does not fall into that. And we'll start with what's called the continuous knapsack problem.
至今为止我们已经处理过,亚线性问题，最多也就是多项式问题,我们现在要看的问题则是不能用这些解决的,我们将要开始讲连续背包问题。
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We do expect the majority of the students to tackle, as you'll see tonight when the PDFs go online at 7 PM, the so called standard edition of each problem set.
我们希望你们大部分能解决这些问题，你将会看到我们下午7点钟,会把PDF放到网上去，也就是每套问题的标准版本。
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When we get to the spell checking, the dictionary assignment, when you're actually manipulating text files, maybe writing some output, these lower level details that actually empower you to solve problems properly.
当你检查拼写时，字典查询，当你熟练运用这些文本文件时，可能是写一些输出文本，这些小细节,恐怕可以帮助你合理解决问题。
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What you're much better at doing is saying how do I take the problem I've got and map it into a class of algorithms about which I know and use the efficiencies of those to try and figure out how to make it work.
当你碰到问题的时候,更好的方法是把遇到的问题映射,到已经设计好的算法中去,并用这些算法来提高效率,来保证问题得到解决。
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The strategy then often is to figure out how, what sort of program can solve these problems and then we go on to ask, "How could this program be instantiated in the physical brain?"
心理学家们通常要先弄清,什么样的程序可以解决这些问题,然后我们会接着问到,"这个程序在我们的生理大脑中,是如何进行编译的"
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It is going on for many years actually from the time of operation providr comfort with which I was involved in Northern Iraq when we realised that we would have civilian problems we need to develope civilian capacity to deal with these things.
这种状况已经持续了很多年了,从一开始在阿富汗北部,我参与的提供安慰行动,那时候我们就意识到我们缺少平民,我们需要更多的平民来解决这些问题。
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And it's called divide and conquer for the obvious reason. I'm going to divide it up into sub-problems with the hope that those sub-problems get easier. It's going to be easier to conquer if you like, and then I'm going to merge them back. Now, in the binary search case, in some sense, this is a little bit trivial.
因此被称为分治的原因就这么简单,将一个问题分解成一些子问题,并希望这些子问题解决起来比较方便,正如你希望的，求解的过程也会变得简单,下面就是把结果合并起来,现在，在二分搜索的例子里,从某些方面来说，这有点微不足道。
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In Week 2 we'll look at things like cryptography and functions and the tools that by which you begin to assemble solutions to problems; in Week 3 we'll introduce what are generally ; known as algorithms and data structures; mechanisms by which you can solve problems more efficiently, effectively.
第2周,我们学习加密技术及其功能,还会学到一些操作工具,通过这些工具的使用来收集解决问题的办法,第3周,我们将介绍;,算法和数据结构,以及可以更有效地解决问题的机制。
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So you can actually say, how do I know which methods are associated with the class? For that, we can call dir. And what it does, is it gives me back a listing of all the things, dir all the methods, that are associated with it.
我们开始建立类了，我们得到了这些方法,因此实际上你可以说，我怎么知道，哪些方法是关联与这些类的？,为了解决这个问题，我们可以调用，这个方法的作用。
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