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Well, this view, this evolutionary view, or evolutionary model, was challenged by man a named Yehezkel Kaufmann in the 1930's.
这个改进了的观点，或者说改进了的模型，在20世纪30年代受到了来自考夫曼的质疑。
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So you might ask well, why are we using this model if it clearly doesn't take into account quantum mechanics?
那么大家可能会问为什么我们要用这个,显然没有考虑量子力学的模型呢？
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The evolutionary model is, I think, responding to, and picking up on, the fact that in many respects, Yahweh resembles the gods of Israel's neighbors.
进化模型，我认为，回应了或者说挑选了这个事实，在很多方面，耶和华与以色列邻国的神灵相似。
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What I am going to do is use these postulates and go through the basis for the Bohr model.
接下来我要利用这个假设,检查波尔模型的根据。
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When we did the spring, we had this theory of Hooke's Law that told us something, and we built a simulation, or built some tools around that theory.
当我们写弹簧程序的时候,我们有胡克定律来告诉我们原理，然后我们建立了一个仿真模型，或者说是在这个理论基础上建立了一些工具。
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We're making a lot of very strong assumptions here, but nevertheless, it's going to be instructive to look at this model.
我们做了很多强制性的假设,但无论怎样,这个模型对我们仍然具有指导意义
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That will lead us into the capital asset pricing model, which is the cornerstone of a lot of thinking in finance.
然后引出资本资产定价模型，这个模型是很多金融思想的基础。
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So, we know this point at one second is 20 meters, so let's just ask one other question and we'll stop.
我们知道该物体上升一秒后到达二十米处,关于这个模型的最后一个问题
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In other words, we're taking advantage of the fact that we now know that quantity. In the case of the ideal gas we just have a simple model for it.
换句话说，我们可以利用我们已经,了解这个物理量的这个优势,对理想气体我们有一个简单的模型。
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That may make sense for some organizations, Certainly the open university in UK was founded on That as their basic model. But given MIT's course Strength and core abilities, we decided that what'll Make sense is to focus on two major things.
那对于一些机构是有意义的，比如英国的开放大学就,建立在这个基础模型上,而鉴于麻理优势和核心能力,我们决定要注重两件事。
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Now he's asking this question and the disease model response to this is we need to help them deal directly with depression, with their anxiety and with their unhappiness whether it's violence,whether it's unhappiness.
他问了这个问题，根据疾病模型,我们需要帮助他们直接,处理抑郁症，还有他们的焦虑和忧愁,无论是暴力还是不快乐。
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However, as you know, we didn't stop at the plum pudding model, which is good, because it's a little goofy, so it's nice to move on from that and move on we did.
我们并没有,停留在李子布丁模型上，虽然它很好,但这个模型有点傻。
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Let me simply tell you that in time I am going to show you that this formula is inconsistent with the Bohr model.
让我说简单点吧,之后我会向你演示,这个方程式与波尔模型不一致。
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Now later, we may decide to abandon this model, but for the moment let's accept that.
后来我们考虑抛弃这个模型，但现在我们暂且用这个模型来做我们的程序。
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This one is calculable by the Bohr model because lithium 2plus is a one electron system.
这个可以通过波尔模型计算而得到,因为锂2+是单电子系统。
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But actually, we could consider this model more generally, and let's just do so briefly here.
而实际上,我们可以把这个模型想得更普遍些,我简单在这讲一下
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We talked about the Bohr model and how that told us an exact distance.
我们讨论过玻尔模型,以及它如何给出这个距离。
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So what I want you to start thinking about is: do you believe this model?
我想让你们应该考虑下,你相信这个模型吗
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Lintner showed that this simple model--the Lintner Model-- explains the behavior of companies pretty well Next session is Friday with Stephen Schwarzman and I'll see you then.
林特纳证明了这个简单的模型,林特纳模型,很好的解释了公司的行为,下节课是周五,由史蒂芬·施瓦茨曼讲授,下次再见
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So, I said I'd tell you a little bit more about where this Bohr radius came from, and it came from a model of the atom that pre-dated quantum mechanics, and Neils Bohr is who came up with the idea of the Bohr radius, and here is hanging out with Einstein, he had pretty good company that he kept.
我要告诉你们,波尔半径是从哪里来的,它起源于前量子力学时代的，原子模型,尼尔斯，玻尔提出了，波尔半径的概念,这是他和爱因斯坦在一起，他们是好朋友，当我们讨论这个原子模型时你们要记住的是，在1911年。
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So we're to assume we can get to any piece of data, any instruction in constant time, and the second assumption we're going to make is that the basic primitive steps take constant time, same amount of time to compute. Again, not completely true, but it's a good model, so arithmetic operations, comparisons, things of that sort, we're all going to assume are basically in that in that particular model.
因此如果我们假设在恒定的时间内,我们可以取得任何一块数据,任何一种数据结构的话,我们要做的第二个假设就是,基本的原始操作计算花费的时间是恒定的,这个假设也不是完全正确的，但这个模型其实挺不错的，因此算法操作，比较，这一类的事情，我们在这个特定的模型中都假设是基本的,操作，花费的时间是恒定相同的。
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So, Marsden came up with the model, and as you go through 8.02 and you understand electrostatics and electrodynamics, you'll be able to do this analysis.
后来马斯登提出了这个模型，就像你们通过8。02的考试一样2,你们学过了静电学和电动力学，你也能做这些分析。
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This model is going to look a lot like the models we looked at already a few weeks ago.
这个模型很像,我们几周前见过的模型
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So there's lots of things when we look at this model there's lots of things that are missing.
已经有很多因素了,当我们再仔细分析这个模型时,我们发选之前的分析漏掉了很多因素
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The model doesn't take into account differences between the groups in voter turnout, based on the candidates.
这个模型没有考虑到,不同候选人所在党派的,名额数有差异
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By the way, how many of you are Poly Sci majors who have seen this model before?
顺便问下,你们这些政治学专业的学生中,有谁以前听过这个模型吗
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I'm going to come up with this model.
于是想到了这个模型。
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It's missing all this stuff, so it must be useless.
它忽略了这么多东西,所以这个模型没有任何意义
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How would I model this system?
在这个系统中如何构造模型呢？
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We'll come back and discuss it more in a second, but before I do, let me mention that the same model, exactly the same idea, has an application in Economics.
我们一会再深入导论这个问题,在此之前,我再来列举一个模型,是经济学里面一个完全类似的模型
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