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Everybody in the Mediterranean wanted it for the same reasons, and obviously these Mycenaean sites had access to what they needed.
地中海地区的人们都需要它,很显然这些迈锡尼部落能满足他们的需求
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So, that's what is meant by the term, Dark Ages, and that's what does follow the fall of the Mycenaean world.
那么,这就是这个术语的含义,黑暗时代,它紧随着,迈锡尼文明的陨落到来
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This was a civilization that was not shut in on itself, but was in touch with the entire Mediterranean region.
迈锡尼文明不是一个封闭的文明,它与整个地中海地区都有着联系
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Let's flip back a step beyond that to Mycenaean civilization for the purpose of noting the great contrast, the great change.
让我们跳回到迈锡尼时代,比较看看两者间巨大的差异,也就可以明白希腊的巨大进步了
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So, the citadel and the farmland surrounding it, make up fundamentally the unit which is the Mycenaean kingdom.
因此,以城堡和周围的农田为根基,组成了称为迈锡尼帝国的文明
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You find Mycenaean elements, tools, other things, pottery particularly of a certain kind, all over the Mediterranean Sea.
你可以在一些发掘的工具及其他物品,特别是某种陶器上,发现迈锡尼文明的影子遍布地中海区域
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In the years of the Mycenaean period, roughly from 1600 to 1100 or so B.C., you are dealing with a largely unified culture.
在大约公元前一千六百年,至公元前一千一百年,迈锡尼文明时期,你将看到一个高度统一的文化
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What you see is a kind of cultural unity, first of all, within the Mycenaean world itself.
你看到的是一种文化的统一体,首先,在迈锡尼文明内部文化就是统一的
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Then we see that when this culture comes to an end, it is accompanied by people fleeing, getting away from the Mycenaean world.
随后我们看到当这个文明走到了尽头,随之而来的是民众的背离,人们从迈锡尼逃离
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Something less easy to say confidently, but probably clear, I think, is the whole legacy of Mycenaean culture is really lost, not fully though.
有些事想确切地说出来不容易,但可能已经比较明白了,我想,就是整个迈锡尼文明留下的遗产,确实遗失了,虽然并不是一点都没留下
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But of course, a lot was known about these Mycenaeans well before the syllabary was deciphered.
当然,大量关于迈锡尼的知识,在那些表音文字被破译前就知道了
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But their alphabet has got nothing to do with Mycenae; this is a new thing altogether.
但是他们的字母系统与迈锡尼的没有关系,它完全是一个全新的东西
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And of course, there are more theories about the fall of the Roman Empire than there are about the fall of the Mycenaean world.
当然,罗马帝国衰落的理论比,迈锡尼衰落的理论更多
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The fall of Pylos is generally thought to be around 1200 B.C.; Mycenae itself may be fifty years later, and other places later than that.
人们普遍认为皮洛斯的陨落,大约在公元前一千二百年,迈锡尼城本身也许在五十年以后,其他的地方更晚些
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So, the fact that this was a Greek script that was available in the Mycenaean Period tells us very confidently that the Mycenaeans were Greeks.
所以,这个在迈锡尼时期出现的,希腊语书写方法,让我们有足够理由说,迈锡尼人就是希腊人
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It is evident that these different Mycenaean towns, all throughout the Greek world, on both sides of the Aegean Sea, were in touch with each other.
很明显,这些位于爱琴海两岸的,希腊世界里的不同迈锡尼城市,都是互相联系的
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He's taken to the beautiful city on the island of Scheria, Phaiacia, and is treated with great respect as you're supposed to in the Mycenaean world.
他被带到斯刻里亚岛上的一个美丽城市,腓埃基亚,他受到众人的礼遇,就好像在迈锡尼王国一样
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The next time you go to Mycenae don't miss the cistern that was dug in the mountains, on the hillside, within the walls at that period.
你们下次去迈锡尼古城的时候,一定不要错过那一时期在山坡和城墙之间,挖掘的蓄水池
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An omnipresent bureaucracy with its detailed and all encompassing records gives the clearest picture of the power exercised by the centralized monarchs of the Mycenaean Age."
一个无处不在的官僚体制,所留下详尽细致,无所不包的记录,清晰地描绘了,迈锡尼时期中央集权统治的实行"
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Whoever was writing the poems of Homer, whichever poets were contributing to that over the ages after the Mycenaean Period, they hadn't seen those Mycenaean sites.
不管是谁写的《荷马史诗》,无论那些诗人在迈锡尼文明之后,为该作品作出了多大贡献,他们都没见过迈锡尼文明遗址
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Now, that's not what queens do. I'm sure the Mycenaean queens didn't do that, but it's very, very interesting that that is what the Homeric queens do.
但王后不做这个 我肯定迈锡尼王后,不织布,但非常有趣的是,荷马史诗中的王后却在织布
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Let's take Mycenae, which is maybe the best example of the whole culture.
我们以迈锡尼城为例,这也许是此文明最好的例子
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But if we look at the society that emerges, this Dark Age society that emerges from the ancient world of Mycenae, what you have is a rare human experience.
如果我们仔细观察这渐渐浮出水面的社会,这个从古代迈锡尼文明浮现出来的,黑暗时代的社会,你会得到一些相当宝贵的经验
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There are also differences, sometimes, in the shape of weapons that we find in the Greek World after the Mycenaean Period compared to what are described in Homer's poems.
在武器的设计上有时也有差异,处于后迈锡尼文明的希腊所发现的,武器和《荷马史诗》的描述是不同的
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You have the destruction completely of the Mycenaean Bronze Age culture.
青铜时期的迈锡尼文化被完全摧毁
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I think it's very important to notice that some of these places that were big in the Mycenaean world were entirely abandoned and not settled again by the Greeks.
我认为值得注意的是,这些地方中有些是,在迈锡尼文明中占据重要地位的城邦,就这样被彻底遗弃了,而且并没有被希腊人重建
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Some of them only go so far as Athens, which had the good fortune somehow of not being destroyed, one of the few important Mycenaean places that is not destroyed.
有些人逃到了雅典,很幸运的是雅典并没有遭到破坏,它是极少数逃过一劫的迈锡尼重要城邦之一
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You cannot imagine the great kings of Mycenae doing that.
我们很难想象迈锡尼的国王会务农
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Was it the world of the Mycenaean Bronze Age?
是迈锡尼的青铜时代吗
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We find Egyptian things in Mycenae and vice versa, and also presumably, much of it must have gone into Mesopotamia; some of it went all the way to the Western Mediterranean.
我们在迈锡尼城中发现了来自埃及的物品,反之亦然,由此推测,很多迈锡尼物品也散播到了美索不达米亚,其中一些出现在西地中海
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