So now we have a relationship between the ratios of these volumes that are reached during these adiabatic paths.
现在我们有了一个联系,这些绝热过程中,体积比的关系式。
you're definitely like raised a little bit with the expectation of coming here. Like, you know,
他们会在你的成长过程中,对你来这里就读有一定的期望。比如说
OK, clearly we'd be much better off if we had some systematic quantitative way to tell whether something would happen spontaneously.
好,如果我们有一些系统定量的方法来判断,一个过程是否会自发进行,那就会更好了。
They're everywhere in cells throughout your body and they are responsible for lots of the biochemistry of cell/cell interaction and signaling.
它们在身体各处的细胞中都有,并负责很多细胞间的相互作用,及信号转导的生化过程
He expressed his will that there be light, and there was light And that's very different from many Ancient Near Eastern cosmogonies in which there's always a sexual principal at work in creation.
他表达意愿希望有光,于是便有了光,这与古代近东的宇庙学解释有很大出入,在其中,创世过程中有性的因素。
So even Tony the Tow Truck, in other words, is not absolutely culinary and can be treated in ways that I hope shed some light on the reading process.
因此,即使是《托运车托尼》,也不绝对属于烹饪小说,而且能够以对理解阅读过程有帮助的方式阅读。
And so tradition just said, "Well if there are three gifts,there must be three kings."
所以传说在流传过程中,人们认为,“有三样礼物,那必定有三位国王“
There is a return to these kinds of theoretical defences of absolutism that even preceded the growth of the absolute state as I've described it.
有一点需注意,对于绝对主义的理论辩护,甚至早于绝对主义国家的兴起,之前我已经描述过这个过程
One of the inputs to the problems we're gonna be working on this semester and if you continue on in this world how much thought it takes to implement something, how much time it takes to run something, how much space it takes to run something?
我们将在本学期集中探讨这些问题,或者在课程之后你们也可以继续研究,为实现一些功能要有多少想法,在运行过程中又将花费多长时间,需要多大的空间?
So if there's any systematic bias going on in the way these things get graded it'll smooth itself out across the teaching fellows, so we'll have a fair grading system and things.
所以,如果在评分过程中,有任何系统性误差,都会由助教们尽量纠正过来,这样就有了公平的评分系统
And in terms of using these equations in solving problems on the exam, and also using these constants, make sure if you think there might be any chance you're going to get any little part of a problem wrong or do a calculation inaccurately, you need to write out every single step of your thinking as you write out these problems.
而当你在考试过程中用这些公式,来解题时,加上运用这些常数,如果你觉得有可能,在某一小问上出错,或者出现计算错误,请务必把你的思路一步一步地都写出来,当你在答题的时候。
So it's got an internal procedure,internal function, local to the unit test, that runs the simulation.
它有内部过程,内部函数,它对unit,test来说是有本地环境,来支持股票仿真程序的运行。
But we also use active visualizations we have a couple of ways to do active 3D visualizations.
但我们也使用主动性直观化,我们有很多方法,来实现3D直观化过程。
Sometimes you may be listening to a lecture and then half way through it there is an emergency.
有时候讲座过程中,突然有紧急情况。
Of course there are lots of ways we can execute the cycle, but this is a simple one, and these are steps that we're all familiar with at this point.
当然循环过程,可以有很多种方法,这是一个简单的例子,这是循环过程,循环中的每一步我们都很熟悉。
that instead of all the steps being reversible, let's just put in one irreversible step.
不是所有的过程都是可逆的,其中有一个过程不可逆。
When God began this process of creating the heaven and the earth, And the earth was unformed and void, And his wind was on the surface of the deep and so on, He said, "Let there be light and there was light."
当上帝开始开创天地的过程,大地一片混沌,虚空无形,他的呼吸掠过这混沌的表面,他说,“要有光,于是便有了光“
Then we're going to have another isothermal step, a compression to some point four.
然后有另外一个绝热过程,绝热压缩到4点。
To start out I'm going to go back to the thinking about development a little bit, embryonic development, and show you a picture here.
作为这节课的开始,我先稍微回顾一下,一些关于发育过程的内容,先说胚胎发育,这里有张图
Mitosis is an orderly sequence of events by which one parent cell becomes two daughter cells.
有丝分裂是指一个亲代细胞,变为两个子细胞的有序的过程
But of course that process would not scale very well.
当然,这一过程中不会有太大的范围波动。
They're not chromosomal differences because this is the ordinary process of mitosis.
它们的染色体没有任何变化,因为这是正常的有丝分裂过程
The technology that they use and really there's quite a lot of technology here starting from the plates that you grow them in turn out to be engineered so they have the right properties.
这个过程需要使用的技术,确实非常多,从设计培养细胞用的培养皿,到工程化培养出有合适属性的细胞
We can measure the heat capacity at constant volume, and now we have another term, and if we can figure out how to measure it, we'll have a complete form for this differential du which will enable us to calculate du for any process.
我们能够测量恒定体积下的热容,这里我们有另一项,如果能够知道怎么测量它,问我们就有了这个完整的微分式,就能够对任何过程计算。
It's much more a question of reminding you ; that if you can do it with this, you can do it with anything; but also of reminding you that, after all, reading--reading just anything--is a complex and potentially almost unlimited activity.
选择它主要是为了告诉你们,如果你能用理论来分析这篇,那么分析任何一篇都没问题;,还想提醒大家,阅读任何文章都是个复杂的过程,其中有无限种可能。
Now, it's more complicated than that because it's not just sodium channels that are involved, there are potassium channels also, and the interplay between sodium channels opening and potassium channels opening, this is described in some detail in your book.
现在 事情更复杂了,因为这一过程不仅关系着钠离子通道,也关系着钾离子通道,以及钠离子通道和钾离子通道之间开关,的相互作用,书中有详细解释
In that process there is a metabolic engine at work, and some people have an efficient engine so that the calories in get banked in the fat, other people have an inefficient engine, that is the calories get wasted as body heat and things like that, and they tend not to gain weight.
这过程中人体内有个工作着的代谢引擎,有些人的代谢引擎效率很高,热量便转化为脂肪储存起来,另一些人的效率低下,能量就以体温等形式被浪费了,因此他们就不容易发胖
If mitosis occurs the way that it's supposed to, the DNA that's in each of these cells is the same.
如果有丝分裂的过程按部就班地进行,那所有细胞的DNA都是相同的
Anybody have any questions on that, because when we voted, the majority of the class thought it was reversible Yes.
上节课我们投票时,多数人都认为它是一个可逆过程,而现在大家应该都知道了,它其实是不可逆过程,有问题吗?
That's shown schematically here, let me talk about the bottom diagram first, which shows the process of mitosis.
在此我们图解了这一过程,我先从下面图表里的,有丝分裂过程讲起
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