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Adiabatic meaning there's no heat involved, and we're going to see how that differs from the isothermal expansion and compression.
绝热意味着没有热量的传递，我们将看到它,与等温过程的区别。
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It sort of mapped out his progression on how he became a director, his thought processes.
它展现了他如何成为导演的过程以及他的思想发展。
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Wrev w reversible. in this case here let's see this is it's a pressure is going down.
曲线下的面积，可逆过程的功,这个过程中。
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It helps us understand Israel's God as the end product of familiar cultural processes, processes of convergence We see convergences of cultures all the time--and differentiation.
它帮助我们了解以色列的上帝,它作为相似文化过程的最终产品，集合的过程,我们一直能看到文化的融合，及保留差异。
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He would say, "Oh, no. We can decipher it, but the author function is just one aspect of the deciphering process."
他会说：“哦，不，我们可以解读，但是作者的功能只是解读过程的一个部分“
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Well, that process occurs in a series of steps and one of those kinds of steps is shown here.
这个过程的发生包含一系列步骤,而这些步骤中的一个步骤即如图所示
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So for example, we often talk about teaching and I'd rather focus more on learning.
举例来说，我们经常讨论教的过程,而我觉得更应注重学的过程。
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It's not that the facts about the human digestive process give you reason not to kiss her.
不是关于人类消化过程的事实,给了你不去吻她的理由。
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Well, apparently Richard in real life did not refuse to make those changes. And imagine, in a book that then undergoes this publishing history that I have described, this is kind of a symbolic scene.
很明显，现实生活中的理查,并没有拒绝那些修改,想像一下，经历上述出版过程的一本书，这是象征性的场景。
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Let me write a function, in fact the literal thing I would do is to say, identify the things that change, give each of them a variable name because I want to refer to them, and then write a function that captures the rest of that computation just with those variable names inside.
让我来写个方法,实际上我的意思是，辨别出变化的东西,然后给它们逐个命名以区分,然后写一个用来计算,这些变量的,包括计算过程的方法。
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So this is an 'in shoes', be careful where we are here, this is an 'in shoes in shoes' argument, at which point you might want to invent the sock.
所以这是一个不断换位思考式的过程,注意一下这里的措辞,这是一个换位再换位思考的过程,说明我们也要换来换去思考
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One of the real surprising findings in my field over the last ten/twenty years has been that the acquisition of sign languages has turned out to be almost exactly the same; in fact, as far as we know, exactly the same as the acquisition of spoken languages.
过去的十到二十年间,在我的研究领域里最令人吃惊的发现之一就是,各种手语的获得过程,被证明几乎是完全相同的,实际上据我所知,和口语语言的获得过程是完全相同的
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If I know about the states involved, I just need to know what the volume was in each of them.
我们并不需要知道一条特定过程的路径，如果我们知道所涉及的态,我仅仅需要知道这些态的体积。
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You're allowed Cv comes out here for this adiabatic expansion, which is not a constant volume only because this is always true for an ideal gas.
绝热过程写下,这个式子是因为它对理想气体都成立，并没有用到等容过程的条件,只用了理想气体的条件。
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T2 So this is an isotherm at some different temperature T2, a cooler temperature, because this was an expansion.
这个绝热过程的温度是,比T1低，因为这是个膨胀过程。
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It does so because there are some molecules in the surface of the membrane that allow glucose to move in and out.
而这个过程的完成依赖于,膜表面存在的一些分子,这些分子能够将葡萄糖运进或者运出细胞
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Now, one of the great hopes of modern biology is that we can figure out how to reverse that process in cells.
如今,现代生物学的一个最大希望,就是希望能够,发现逆转分化过程的方法
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In other words, doesn't historicism open the canon and indeed make the process of reading, the experience of reading, archival and omnivorous rather than canonical?
换言之，难道不是历史相对论破坏了标准,甚至让阅读的过程，阅读的经历，变得如档案般无所不包，而不是遵守规范？
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that instead of all the steps being reversible, let's just put in one irreversible step.
不是所有的过程都是可逆的，其中有一个过程不可逆。
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All right, let's calculate the work that's involved with these two processes.
这些路径都是可逆的,可逆过程指的。
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To start out I'm going to go back to the thinking about development a little bit, embryonic development, and show you a picture here.
作为这节课的开始,我先稍微回顾一下,一些关于发育过程的内容,先说胚胎发育,这里有张图
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The first step in the process is to take our plasmid which we've selected, and to insert the gene that we want into it.
这个过程的第一步,是取得我们选择的质粒,把我们需要的基因插入到里面
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If it was non-reversible, I would be allowed to put an initial point and a final point, but I wouldn't be allowed to put a path between them like this, connecting them together.
如果是不可逆过程，我可以画出过程的初态点,和末态点，但是我不能再像这样,画出连接这两个点的，路径曲线来。
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It happens through a very regulated, coordinated slow process of what is called differentiation.
这是通过一种严格协调调控的过程完成的,这个过程我们称为细胞分化
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Imperative knowledge is a description of how to deduce something.
程序性知识是,对推论过程的描述。
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The work in this step is just the area under this curve.
而这一步过程的功,是这条曲线下面的面积。
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The purpose here is to look at a series of processes in which temperature is held constant, and we're going to calculate how much work we get from allowing a gas to expand under various conditions.
目的是让大家了解一下,几个保持温度不变的过程，然后我们将计算,气体在不同膨胀过程中,的对外做功。
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I just doubled the indentation each time so you can see it. So each successive call, notice what's happening. The argument is getting reduced. And we're going another level in. When we get down to this point, we're calling it with just a string of length one.
因此每次成功调用注意它的过程,我们的命题不断简化，而且我们不断深入嵌套,当我们走到这一步的时候,我们就是在调用它处理，仅有一个元素的字符串了。
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In rare, but not unheard of, cases, some people begin to have those unusual biological processes and then return to the normal biological processes and can talk about what was happening in the unusual biological processes.
在少见,但并非从未听闻的,情况下,有些人开始,经历那样一些不正常的生理过程,然后回归正常的生物学过程,他们可以谈论,在那个不正常的生物过程里发生了什么
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The same thing with these cells here, as these cells undergo continual divisions, they're changing in ways that make them mature, that make them more like the mature cells of the nervous system, for example, if that's where they end up being but they're losing potential as they go through that differentiation process.
细胞也是这样,在连续分裂的过程中,它们愈发成熟,比如说,变得越来越像,神经系统细胞,如果它们最终将构成神经系统的话,那它们在分化的过程中,就失去了许多潜能
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