As we mentioned in one of the earlier classes, these macronutrients differ in how much energy you can derive from them.

我在之前一节课提过,身体从不同大量营养素中吸收的能量不同

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Okay, so the body has a way of metabolizing and making use of the food such that you can get energy or nutrients from it.

对的,身体可以代谢并利用食品,从中获取能量和营养

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Both have calories and energy, but they're of course much different from one another and how they affect people and what they do for a person's health.

都含卡路里和能量,但显然两者差异很大,它们对人们身体健康的影响是不同的

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Now the bank for calories is body fat.

身体脂肪就是这些能量的储存库

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

It's very important because it provides-- does provide energy but it helps with muscle building and with the manufacturing the body does of its own proteins, and therefore, is a vital part of the diet.

蛋白质非常重要,因为它能提供,的确能提供能量,但它也能帮助肌肉塑形,参与身体内自身蛋白的合成,因此是饮食中不可或缺的组成部分

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

So if you were starving and you really needed energy, that is your body needed calories, it needed usable energy in order to survive, the broccoli's not going to do you much good and the brownie would be terrific.

假如你快饿死了,实在需要能量,那是你的身体需要卡路里,身体需要可利用的能量去支撑,花椰菜这时就没多大帮助了,布朗尼蛋糕才是首选

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

But if you have enough energy, or you have too much energy stored in your body and body fat, then the brownie's not such a good idea because it provides too much, and of course not nearly the nutrients that the broccoli would provide.

但如果你的身体能量充沛,或者能量过多,体态肥胖,那么布朗尼提供过多热量,不是首选,提供的营养素也不及花椰菜

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

I mean, think of going out to a nice dinner, you're completely full, your body doesn't really need more calories necessarily, your stomach has had enough, and then the dessert cart comes by, or there are the mints on the way out of the restaurant or something.

我是说,比如出去享用一顿丰盛的大餐,你已经完全吃饱了,你的身体确实不再需要更多的能量,胃也填满了,这时甜品车经过身边,或者在出餐厅时门口时有人给你薄荷糖

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

If you have a brain, and a body, and a metabolism that wants calories, it wants fat, it wants sugar, it wants a broad variety of food so you can survive, that would be good if you lived in certain parts of the world today.

如果你有大脑,有身体,有新陈代谢,这些都需要能量,就需要脂肪,需要糖,需要极其多样食物,你才能活下来,世界上只有部分地区可以保证这些

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

They're used by the body for pretty immediate energy where fat is a little bit more long-term energy, and there are many types of sugars-- and these are things that you've heard-- glucose and sucrose being the most common things that you can consume in ordinary foods, and then lactose of course, from milk.

碳水化合物被身体当做是直接能源,而脂肪则更像是一种长期能量,糖的种类有很多,这些类型你们已经听说过,葡萄糖和蔗糖是最常见的形态,你们可以在一般的食物中获取,乳糖,显然来自于乳类

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选